Liposome and Lipid Bilayer Arrays Towards Biosensing Applications

Abstract

Sensitive and selective biosensors for high-throughput screening are having an increasing impact in modern medical care. The establishment of robust protein biosensing platforms however remains challenging, especially when membrane proteins are involved. Although this type of proteins is of enormous relevance since they are considered in >60% of the pharmaceutical drug targets, their fragile nature (i.e., the requirement to preserve their natural lipid environment to avoid denaturation and loss of function) puts strong additional prerequisites onto a successful biochip. In this review, the leading approaches to create lipid membrane-based arrays towards the creation of membrane protein biosensing platforms are described. Liposomes assembled in micro- and nanoarrays and the successful set-ups containing functional membrane proteins, as well as the use of liposomes in networks, are discussed in the first part. Then, the complementary approaches to create cell-mimicking supported membrane patches on a substrate in an array format will be addressed. Finally, the progress in assembling free-standing (functional) lipid bilayers over nanopore arrays for ion channel sensing will be reported. This review illustrates the rapid pace by which advances are being made towards the creation of a heterogeneous biochip for the high-throughput screening of membrane proteins for diagnostics, drug screening, or drug discovery purposes.

Nanodiamond decorated liposomes as highly biocompatible delivery vehicles and a comparison with carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide

“…Understanding membrane/nanoparticle interaction may also have direct applications in sensing, 27 drug delivery, 28 imaging, 29 and device fabrication. Liposomes are an ideal model for the cell membrane.…”

Lipid-nanostructure hybrids and their applications in nanobiotechnology

“…In this work, we review the recent advances in the design and synthesis of SLB-based lipidnanostructure hybrids and the use of these structures in applications of biotechnology and nanotechnology. In this review, in addition to the typical synthetic schemes for liposome-nanostructure hybrids and applications in analytical applications, 13,14 we focus primarily on the applications of lipid-nanostructure hybrids for detecting biomolecules that interact with cognate membrane receptors and creating live cellmimicking and interfacing platforms for the investigation of intercellular processes that take place at the membrane junctions.…”

Myoblast Cell Interaction with Polydopamine Coated Liposomes

“…In addition to their application as drug delivery vehicles [1,2], they are also employed in biosensing as labels [3] or as carriers for membrane proteins [4]. Further, they have recently been considered as sub-compartments in polymer capsules towards therapeutic cell mimicry [5][6][7] or as potential drug deposits embedded in polymer films on surfaces [8,9].…”