Lipoprotein (a) as a cause of cardiovascular disease: insights from epidemiology, genetics, and biology

Nordestgaard, Børge G.; Langsted, Anne

doi:10.1194/jlr.r071233

Cited by 401 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 270 publications

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“…Mendelian randomization studies have recently provided convincing evidence that Lp(a) is a genetically determined causal risk factor for myocardial infarction, atherosclerotic stenosis and aortic valve stenosis (reviewed in [2]). Other disease groups, like heart failure and venous thromboembolism, are under current evaluation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoprotein(a) and its role in inflammation, atherosclerosis and malignancies

Orsó

Schmitz

2017

Clin Res Cardiol Suppl

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Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is a modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle with an additional specific apolipoprotein (a), covalently attached to apolipoprotein B‑100 of LDL by a single thioester bond. Increased plasma Lp(a) level is a genetically determined, independent, causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease.The precise quantification of Lp(a) in plasma is still hampered by mass-sensitive assays, large particle variation, poor standardization and lack of assay comparability.The physiological functions of Lp(a) include wound healing, promoting tissue repair and vascular remodeling. Similarly to other lipoproteins, Lp(a) is also susceptible for oxidative modifications, leading to extensive formation of pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, oxidized lipid-protein adducts in Lp(a) particles, that perpetuate atherosclerotic lesion progression and intima-media thickening through induction of M1-macrophages, inflammation, autoimmunity and apoptosis. The oxidation-specific epitopes of modified lipoproteins are major targets of pre-immune, natural IgM antibodies, that may attenuate the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic effects of Lp(a).Although the data are still insufficient, recent studies suggest a potential anti-neoplastic role of Lp(a).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipoprotein(a) and its role in inflammation, atherosclerosis and malignancies

Orsó

Schmitz

2017

Clin Res Cardiol Suppl

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“…The particle was discovered in 1963 and genetic analysis of apo(a) in 1987 revealed a sequence in the protein that has similarity to human plasminogen. There also is a domain that contains a variable number (from 3 to over 50) of repeat sequences called kringle IV domains [25][26][27]. This heterogeneity of apo(a) size translates into a wide heterogeneity of Lp(a) particle size that can make laboratory measurement in the population challenging [28•].…”

Section: Lipoprotein(a)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Biomarkers for Risk Assessment in Acute Coronary Syndromes

2017

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Data supports clear association with risk and actionable value for non-high-density lipoprotein (Non-HDL) cholesterol and plasma ceramides in a setting of ACS. The prognostic value and clinical actionability of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] in ACS have not been thoroughly tested, while the data for omega-3 fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) are either untested or more varied. Measuring basic lipids, which should include Non-HDL cholesterol, at the time of presentation for ACS is guideline mandated. Plasma ceramides also provide useful information to guide both treatment decisions and follow-up. Additional studies targeting ACS patients are necessary for apoB, Lp(a), omega-3 fatty acids, and Ox-LDL.

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“…Studies have also demonstrated that high Lp(a) levels, accelerate the development of atherosclerolsis and are potentially involved in the vascular calcification [31,32]. In addition, Lp(a) has been identified closely in the calcified lessions of atherosclerotic areas and a potential effect of Lp(a) on human vascular smooth muscle cells has been also documented indicating that Lp(a) may be involved in vascular calcification [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein levels with insulin resistance and Lp(a) in diabetes: A cross-sectional study

Antonopoulos

Mylonopoulou²,

Angelidi

et al. 2017

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Antonopoulos, S.; Mylonopoulou, M.; Angelidi, A.M.; Kousoulis, A.A.; Tentolouris, N. (2017) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The detected Lp(a) and MGP association in CKD4 patients may also represent the key to the complicated mechanism of their coexisting accelerated atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. ASSOCIATION OF MATRIX γ-CARBOXYGLUTAMIC ACID PROTEIN LEVELS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE AND Lp(a) IN DIABETES : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

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Lipoprotein (a) as a cause of cardiovascular disease: insights from epidemiology, genetics, and biology

Cited by 401 publications

References 270 publications

Lipoprotein(a) and its role in inflammation, atherosclerosis and malignancies

Lipoprotein(a) and its role in inflammation, atherosclerosis and malignancies

Lipid Biomarkers for Risk Assessment in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Association of matrix γ-carboxyglutamic acid protein levels with insulin resistance and Lp(a) in diabetes: A cross-sectional study

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