Lipids of Sarcina Lutea. 3. Composition of the Complex Lipids

Abstract

The complex lipids of a strain of Saroina lutea were isolated and separated into fractions on DFAE cellulose acetate and silicic acid columns.These fractions were monitored in several thin-layer cbromatography aystems.The various lipid types were characterized by their behavior in thin-layer systems and by an analysis of their hydrolysis products.The fatty acid composition of the column fractions was determined by gas-liquid chromeatography.Thirteen components were separated by thin-layer chromatography and characterised. Ethanolamine is the most commonly reported nitrogen-containing component; chloline is found in some species. Recent reports have also described the isolation of lipoamino acid complexes in the complex lipids of bacteria. -6We have reported 7 that Sarcina lutea contains a complex mixture of highly polar lipids that comprise approximately 23% of the total extractable lipid. The determination of the composition of this polar fraction is reported in this manuscript. II. MATERIALSThe preciseness of the experimental procedures and .h;! small quantities of lipids under investigation required extreme purity and reliability in the reagents employed. For these reasons the following materials were obtained from the sources shown: I) Whatman diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) celluloseScientifica, Clifton, New Jersey.2) Silicic acid, analytical:reagent grade -Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, New York, New York.3) Inorganic reggents, solvents, and Hyflo Super Cel -Fisher Scientific Company, Silver Spring, Maryland.4) Synthetic phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl choline (all dipalmitoyl) A-grpde -Calbiochem,

Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria — a dogma rewritten

“…see Drucker & Owen, 1973). An example is that of Huston & Albro (1964), who reported the occurrence of 20:4 from Micrococcus (Sarcina) luteus ATCC 533 based on relative retention time and equivalent carbon number identification. However, Tornabene et al (1967), analysing fatty acids from the same strain using an early model combined GC-MS system, failed to detect 20:4 but did report a small proportion of 18 : 2 when cultures were grown under similar conditions.…”

The Lipids of Sarcina Lutea. Ii. The Hydrocarbon Content of the Lipid Extracts

“…We previously reported (Huston and Albro, 1964) that approximately 20% of the chloroformmethanol extractable material from Sarcina lutea is hydrocarbon in nature. Although S. lutea, a yellow-pigmented organism, was shown to contain hydrocarbon pigments (Bezborodov, 1957;Arnaki and Stary, 1952a, b;Takeda and Ohta, 1940), the amount of hydrocarbon material present in the extract was considered too large to be composed entirely of pigment.…”

“…The bacterial hydrocarbons were isolated from a chloroform-methanol extract of lyophilized cells of S. lutea (ATCC 533) as described previously (Huston and Albro, 1964 The hydrocarbons were also separated on the basis of degree of unsaturation by preparative TLC of the acetoxy-mercuri-methoxy derivatives (Mangold and Kammereck, 1961). n-Hexanediethyl ether (4:1, v/v) carried saturates with the solvent front, after which the unsaturated fraction was resolved on the same plate by development in n-propanol-acetic acid (99:1, v/v An estimation of the aromatic pigment content was made by measurement of this fraction's absorption at 437 mpA, with fl-carotene as a standard (Stearns, 1950;Bickoff, 1957).…”

Fatty acids of Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus stearothermophilus as influenced by temperature

“…More recently, Vilkas and Lederer (1956) Huston et (1965) noted that approximately 5% of the total lipid of Sarcina lutea is phosphatidic acid. Although phosphatidic acid has been detected quite regularly, a doubt still exists as to whether it is merely the hydrolytic product of other complex lipids (Asselineau, 1966).…”

“…It is widely accepted that bacteria are incapable of synthesizing polyenoic fatty acids (Lennarz, 1966), although linoeic acid has been detected in the cells of Rhodopseudomonas particilis (Hands and Bartley, 1962) and a ^20-4 acid was listed by Huston and Albro (1964) in their studies on Sarcina lutea. Bacteria, however, have been shown to synthesize monoenoic acids.…”