Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria — a dogma rewritten

Russell, Nicholas J.; Nichols, David S.

doi:10.1099/13500872-145-4-767

Cited by 258 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…PUFA levels produced by both Huon Estuary strains for temperatures between 10 and 25 mC were substantially higher compared to other PUFA-producing Shewanella species, and contained the highest proportions of EPA yet reported for a psychrotolerant Shewanella species. The PUFA levels are similar to those reported for polar and deepsea psychrophilic Shewanella species (Bowman et al, 1997 ;Russell & Nichols, 1999 ;Kato & Nogi, 2001). Unlike the psychrophiles, the Huon Estuary strains are capable of substantially faster growth and can form equivalent levels of EPA at much higher incubation temperatures.…”

Section: Shewanella Frigidimarinasupporting

confidence: 67%

“…At the higher growth temperatures the proportions of branched-chain and saturated fatty acids also increased while monosaturates declined (Table 1), indicative of the homeostatic adaptation of cellular membrane viscosity (Russell & Nichols, 1999). Compared to the Huon Estuary strains, the closely related S. japonica contained significantly lower levels of PUFAs (8n6 and 2n2% at 12 and 28 mC, respectively).…”

Section: Shewanella Frigidimarinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these concentrate within the family Alteromonadaceae (Bowman, 2001). Of the described PUFA-producing species which reside in the genus Shewanella (Russell & Nichols, 1999), most have been isolated from polar regions or are barophilic and largely group amongst cold-adapted, halophilic Shewanella species (Kato & Nogi, 2001). The main PUFA produced by Shewanella species is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), abbreviated to 20 : 5(n-3).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Shewanella olleyana sp. nov., a marine species isolated from a temperate estuary which produces high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Skerratt¹,

Bowman²,

Nichols³

2002

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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NOTEShewanella olleyana sp. nov., a marine species isolated from a temperate estuary which produces high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids Two polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) producing strains (ACEM 6 and ACEM 9 T ) isolated from a temperate, humic-rich river estuary in Tasmania, Australia, were found to be members of the genus Shewanella. These strains were able to utilize humic compounds (tannic acid) and derivatives (2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate) as sole carbon sources and as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. The major fatty acids were typical of the genus Shewanella ; however, PUFAs mostly made up of eicosapentaenoic acid were produced at high levels (10 2-23 6 % of total fatty acids) and at relatively high incubation temperatures (10 2 % at 24 SC). Sequence analysis indicated that ACEM 6 and ACEM 9 T had identical 16S rDNA sequences and were most closely related to Shewanella japonica (sequence similarity 97 1 %). DNA hybridization and phenotypic characteristics confirmed that the isolates constituted a novel species of the genus Shewanella, which is designated Shewanella olleyana sp. nov. (type strain ACEM 9 T l ACAM 644 T l LMG 21437 T ).

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Section: Shewanella Frigidimarinasupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Shewanella Frigidimarinamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shewanella olleyana sp. nov., a marine species isolated from a temperate estuary which produces high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Skerratt¹,

Bowman²,

Nichols³

2002

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…Tight selection by these and other environmental parameters is considered the cause of the conspicuous absence of many deep-sea taxonomic groups from the deepest ocean environments (8,44).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Unique 16S rRNA Genes of Piezophiles Reflect both Phylogeny and Adaptation

Lauro

Chastain

Blankenship

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

124

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In the ocean's most extreme depths, pressures of 70 to 110 megapascals prevent the growth of all but the most hyperpiezophilic (pressure-loving) organisms. The physiological adaptations required for growth under these conditions are considered to be substantial. Efforts to determine specific adaptations permitting growth at extreme pressures have thus far focused on relatively few ␥-proteobacteria, in part due to the technical difficulties of obtaining piezophilic bacteria in pure culture. Here, we present the molecular phylogenies of several new piezophiles of widely differing geographic origins. Included are results from an analysis of the first deep-trench bacterial isolates recovered from the southern hemisphere (9.9-km depth) and of the first grampositive piezophilic strains. These new data allowed both phylogenetic and structural 16S rRNA comparisons among deep-ocean trench piezophiles and closely related strains not adapted to high pressure. Our results suggest that (i) the Circumpolar Deep Water acts as repository for hyperpiezophiles and drives their dissemination to deep trenches in the Pacific Ocean and (ii) the occurrence of elongated helices in the 16S rRNA genes increases with the extent of adaptation to growth at elevated pressure. These helix changes are believed to improve ribosome function under deep-sea conditions. Low temperature and high hydrostatic pressure structure deep-sea communities outside of hydrothermal vents. Tight selection by these and other environmental parameters is considered the cause of the conspicuous absence of many deep-sea taxonomic groups from the deepest ocean environments (8, 44).Both temperature and pressure exert their effects at many levels of bacterial physiology, from the structure of macromolecules to the rate of metabolic reactions. Adaptations to low temperature include alterations of membrane phospholipids, such as increased fatty acid unsaturation (43), enzymes characterized by high catalytic efficiency and reduced activation enthalpy (16,20,37,45), and high levels of cold shock proteins, RNA helicases (9), and posttranscriptional modification of tRNA molecules (15), all of which may reduce the formation of unfavorable nucleic acid secondary structures at low temperature. In contrast with enthalpy-based temperature effects, the underlying cause of pressure effects arises from the promotion of reduced system volumes, in accordance with Le Chatelier's principle (5). Despite these thermodynamic differences, low temperature and high pressure share a surprising number of influences on biological processes. For example, membrane fluidity, permeability, and phase are similarly altered by both parameters.As with psychrophiles, piezophiles ("high-pressure-loving" microbes) contain lipids with highly unsaturated fatty acids (6, 7). Indeed, the presence of unsaturated fatty acids is critical to growth ability at high pressure (3,4,19). Both low temperature and high pressure also alter protein quaternary structure (46) and nucleic acid secondary structure (50), and at ...

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“…C 18:1n-7 has been considered to be a bacteria-specific fatty acid marker (Parkes and Taylor, 1983;Gillan and Sandstrom, 1985), but a compilation of fatty acid compositions of some representative marine bacteria (Russel and Nichols, 1999) shows C 18:1n-7 only to account for 1 -3.6 wt.% of total fatty acids. The odd-numbered n-fatty acids with 15 and 17 carbon atoms as well as their isoand anteiso-homologues identified in the samples investigated also point towards a bacterial origin (Leo and Parker, 1966;Cooper and Blumer, 1968;Boon et al, 1979;Perry et al, 1979;Sicre et al, 1988;Kaneda, 1991).…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aliphatic lipids in recent sediments of the Fram Strait/Yermak Plateau (Arctic Ocean): composition, sources and transport processes

2004

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Surface sediments (n = 39) from the western Fram Strait and across the Yermak Plateau (Arctic Ocean) were investigated by molecular and isotopic organic geochemical methods to determine the composition, distribution and origin of extractable aliphatic lipids (n-alkanes, n-alkanols, fatty acids). Bulk geochemical parameters (TOC-content, d 13 C org ) were also determined, including additional samples nearby. Enhanced organic carbon contents of up to 1.6% along the western slope of the Yermak Plateau and north off Spitsbergen, corroborated by an average d 13 C org value of À 22.3x, indicated most of the organic material to be of a marine origin, despite ice-cover. The extractable aliphatic lipids contributed up to 1% of the sedimentary organic carbon and were dominated by fatty acids (0.7 -9.1 mg/g TOC), whereas n-alkanes and n-alkanols contributed only minor amounts (0.1 -0.4 mg/g TOC). The detailed molecular and carbon isotopic characterisation of the studied aliphatic compounds enabled assignments of most components to three lipid pools, representing: (a) primary production (marine phytoplankton, seaice algae), (b) secondary inputs (by feeding of zooplankton, benthic organisms and bacteria on the former) and (c) terrestrialderived contributions. The first two compound groups dominated, but varied significantly in relation to the environment and were highest at the MIZ (Marginal Ice Zone), and along the permanently ice-covered western flank of the Yermak Plateau. In contrast, compounds attributable to a terrestrial source were of only minor importance in terms of absolute concentrations and less variable, but showed increasing relative proportions from an average of 8 -14% at and southwards of the MIZ up to 27 -33% on the Yermak Plateau and towards the central Arctic Ocean as a consequence of the weakening signal of primary and secondary production. This study provides further insights into the Arctic Ocean carbon dynamics, but also an example of the impact of ocean-currents on the deposition and composition of organic matter. D

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine bacteria — a dogma rewritten

Cited by 258 publications

References 75 publications

Shewanella olleyana sp. nov., a marine species isolated from a temperate estuary which produces high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Shewanella olleyana sp. nov., a marine species isolated from a temperate estuary which produces high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The Unique 16S rRNA Genes of Piezophiles Reflect both Phylogeny and Adaptation

Aliphatic lipids in recent sediments of the Fram Strait/Yermak Plateau (Arctic Ocean): composition, sources and transport processes

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