Lipids of marine Archaea: Patterns and provenance in the water-column and sediments

Turich, Courtney; Freeman, Katherine H.; Bruns, Mary Ann; Conte, Maureen H.; Jones, A. Daniel; Wakeham, Stuart G.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.04.013

Cited by 150 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…Although it is now acknowledged that other factors such as community dynamics (e.g., refs. 29, 34) may affect TEX 86 and that in situ temperatures and TEX 86 are decoupled in the global subsurface ocean (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28), these arguments remain centered around a temperature-driven response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Culture studies have shown that the average number of cyclopentyl moieties in GDGTs can increase with growth temperature in marine Archaea (19)(20)(21)(22); however, TEX 86 values of suspended particulate material (SPM) through the water column do not reflect in situ temperatures either in trend or in magnitude (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). TEX 86 -calculated temperatures in sinking particles and core-top sediments are often colder than mean annual average, especially in highly productive regions such as upwelling systems (30)(31)(32)(33).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX ₈₆ temperature proxy

Hurley

Elling

Könneke

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

142

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Archaeal membrane lipids known as glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are the basis of the TEX 86 paleotemperature proxy. Because GDGTs preserved in marine sediments are thought to originate mainly from planktonic, ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota, the basis of the correlation between TEX 86 and sea surface temperature (SST) remains unresolved: How does TEX 86 predict surface temperatures, when maximum thaumarchaeal activity occurs below the surface mixed layer and TEX 86 does not covary with in situ growth temperatures? Here we used isothermal studies of the model thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus SCM1 to investigate how GDGT composition changes in response to ammonia oxidation rate. We used continuous culture methods to avoid potential confounding variables that can be associated with experiments in batch cultures. The results show that the ring index scales inversely (R 2 = 0.82) with ammonia oxidation rate (ϕ), indicating that GDGT cyclization depends on available reducing power. Correspondingly, the TEX 86 ratio decreases by an equivalent of 5.4°C of calculated temperature over a 5.5 fmol·cell −1 ·d −1 increase in ϕ. This finding reconciles other recent experiments that have identified growth stage and oxygen availability as variables affecting TEX 86 . Depth profiles from the marine water column show minimum TEX 86 values at the depth of maximum nitrification rates, consistent with our chemostat results. Our findings suggest that the TEX 86 signal exported from the water column is influenced by the dynamics of ammonia oxidation. Thus, the global TEX 86 -SST calibration potentially represents a composite of regional correlations based on nutrient dynamics and global correlations based on archaeal community composition and temperature.T he glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids of Archaea are abundant in marine water columns and sediments. The major source of GDGTs to ocean sediments is thought to be planktonic, ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) affiliated with the phylum Thaumarchaeota (formerly Marine Group I Crenarchaeota) (1, 2). Thaumarchaeota play a primary role in the nitrogen cycle, performing the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification-namely, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite (3-5). Accordingly, Thaumarchaeota are most abundant at the base of, or below, the euphotic zone (6-9). Based on the phylogeny of their ammonia monooxygenase gene, the planktonic Thaumarchaeota are divided into two distinct clusters, the Water Column Cluster A that is most abundant in the epi-and upper mesopelagic (above ∼200 to ∼500 m, depending on location) and the Water Column Cluster B that dominates thaumarchaeal assemblages in the deeper mesopelagic and bathypelagic (7-10). These clusters putatively represent thaumarchaeal ecotypes adapted to high and low ammonium flux, respectively (11,12).Thaumarchaeota produce GDGTs containing from zero to four cyclopentane rings (GDGT-0 to GDGT-4) or four cyclopentane rings and one additional cyclohexane ring (e.g., in crenarchaeol;...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX ₈₆ temperature proxy

Hurley

Elling

Könneke

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

142

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“…the deep North Atlantic (35), and the East China Sea (36). The potential contribution of this cosmopolitan group to the marine tetraether lipid pool has been debated (37)(38)(39)(40), but the lack of cultivated representatives of MG-II has precluded direct analysis of their membrane lipids, and incomplete knowledge of the genetic basis of archaeal tetraether lipid biosynthesis limits the ability of metagenomic studies to address this question.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, biosynthesis of crenarchaeol by MG-II was previously proposed on the basis of water column GDGT and DNA distributions (37)(38)(39)(40). A role for the cyclohexyl moiety in maintaining tetraether membrane fluidity at low temperatures, possibly enabling the expansion of thermophilic MG-I from hydrothermal environments to the open ocean, was postulated (17) but later contradicted by reports of crenarchaeol in hot springs (57,58) and thermophilic MG-I isolates (18,59).…”

Section: Marine Euryarchaeota Contain Crenarchaeol and Other Tetraethermentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktonic Euryarchaeota are a significant source of archaeal tetraether lipids in the ocean

Lincoln

Wai

Eppley

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

132

106

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Archaea are ubiquitous in marine plankton, and fossil forms of archaeal tetraether membrane lipids in sedimentary rocks document their participation in marine biogeochemical cycles for >100 million years. Ribosomal RNA surveys have identified four major clades of planktonic archaea but, to date, tetraether lipids have been characterized in only one, the Marine Group I Thaumarchaeota. The membrane lipid composition of the other planktonic archaeal groups-all uncultured Euryarchaeota-is currently unknown. Using integrated nucleic acid and lipid analyses, we found that Marine Group II Euryarchaeota (MG-II) contributed significantly to the tetraether lipid pool in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre at shallow to intermediate depths. Our data strongly suggested that MG-II also synthesize crenarchaeol, a tetraether lipid previously considered to be a unique biomarker for Thaumarchaeota. Metagenomic datasets spanning 5 y indicated that depth stratification of planktonic archaeal groups was a stable feature in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The consistent prevalence of MG-II at depths where the bulk of exported organic matter originates, together with their ubiquitous distribution over diverse oceanic provinces, suggests that this clade is a significant source of tetraether lipids to marine sediments. Our results are relevant to archaeal lipid biomarker applications in the modern oceans and the interpretation of these compounds in the geologic record.euryarchaea | glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether | oceanography | environmental genomics | TEX 86 index

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“…It also must be remembered that the membranes of Archaea do not contain sterols. There is much information available on the membrane lipids of Archaea (see De Rosa, Gambacorta, and Gliozzi, 1986;Kamekura and Kates, 1988;Kates, Kushner, and Matheson, 1993;Paltauf, 1994;Kates, 1997;Kamekura and Kates, 1999;Gabriel and Chong, 2000;Koga and Morii, 2005;Bouloubassi et al, 2006;Oba, Sakata, and Tsunogai, 2006;Turich et al, 2007;Chong, 2010).…”

Section: Membrane Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaea

Kornprobst

2014

Encyclopedia of Marine Natural Products

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The article contains sections titled: General Introduction Membrane Lipids Macrocyclic Dialkyl Glycerol Diethers Paleotemperatures Index: TEX 86 and BIT Index Pranylquinones Cyclic Polysulfides Bacteriorhodopsin of Halophiles Extremozymes

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Lipids of marine Archaea: Patterns and provenance in the water-column and sediments

Cited by 150 publications

References 86 publications

Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX ₈₆ temperature proxy

Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX ₈₆ temperature proxy

Planktonic Euryarchaeota are a significant source of archaeal tetraether lipids in the ocean

Archaea

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Lipids of marine Archaea: Patterns and provenance in the water-column and sediments

Cited by 150 publications

References 86 publications

Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX 86 temperature proxy

Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX 86 temperature proxy

Planktonic Euryarchaeota are a significant source of archaeal tetraether lipids in the ocean

Archaea

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Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX ₈₆ temperature proxy

Influence of ammonia oxidation rate on thaumarchaeal lipid composition and the TEX ₈₆ temperature proxy