Lipids and Lipid Mediators Associated with the Risk and Pathology of Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

Stroke is a severe neurological disorder in humans that results from an interruption of the blood supply to the brain. Worldwide, stoke affects over 100 million people each year and is the second largest contributor to disability. Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor for stroke that is associated with an increased risk of the disease. Traditional and non-traditional lipid measures are proposed as biomarkers for the better detection of subclinical disease. In the central nervous system, lipids and lipid mediators are essential to sustain the normal brain tissue structure and function. Pathways leading to post-stroke brain deterioration include the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. A variety of lipid mediators are generated from fatty acids and these molecules may have either neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects on the post-stroke brain tissue; therefore, they largely contribute to the outcome and recovery from stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of serum lipids associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the role of lipid mediators, with particular emphasis on eicosanoids, in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Finally, we summarize the latest research on potential targets in lipid metabolic pathways for ischemic stroke treatment and on the development of new stroke risk biomarkers for use in clinical practice.

An integrated multi-omics study to identify dynamic molecular alterations associated with acute brain injury

“…Between the two subtypes of ischemic ABI models, PM and TM, these ischemic injuries harbored few differences in their transcriptomic signatures. However, we found that lipidomics of PM and TM revealed variations between them during the first 72H after injury, showing that lipid metabolism is sensitive to ischemia, which is consistent with the previous investigation 48 .…”

Facts about Fats: New Insights into the Role of Lipids in Metabolism, Disease and Therapy

“…As already mentioned above, lipids not only serve as structural components, but also exert crucial biological roles as signaling molecules. This aspect is extensively discussed in the review article proposed by Kloska and collaborators, who focused their attention on the role of lipid mediators in the risk and pathology of ischemic stroke [18]. Notably, a lively metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acid has been documented in ischemic brain, and different lipid mediators are implicated in the neuroprotective or neurodegenerative effects occurring in the post-stroke brain tissue.…”

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“…Mechanisms underlying neuroprotection and lung protection reported include interfering with vascular resistance, vasopermeability change, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation. 55,56 However, we consider that improvement of hemodynamics plays the major role in reservation of neurological and pulmonary function due to their consistency of trends.…”