Lipid redistribution by α-linolenic acid-rich chia seed inhibits stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and induces cardiac and hepatic protection in diet-induced obese rats

Poudyal, Hemant; Panchal, Sunil K.; Waanders, Jennifer; Ward, Leigh C.; Brown, Lindsay

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.011

Cited by 162 publications

(180 citation statements)

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“…The preparation and macronutrient composition of all four diets, including the fatty acid profiles, are described elsewhere (28,30,32). Briefly, the H diet consisted of 175 g of fructose, 395 g of sweetened condensed milk, 200 g of beef tallow, 155 g of powdered rat food, 25 g of Hubble, Mendel-and-Wakeman salt mixture, and 50 g of water per kilogram of diet.…”

Section: Rats and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies showed that chia seed as a source of dietary ␣-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) for 8 wk attenuated most risk factors of metabolic syndrome in young H diet-fed rats (32). Chia seed supplementation induced lipid redistribution, with lipid trafficking away from the abdominal area, with increased bone mineral content, feed conversion efficiency, and total fat-free mass (32). In this study, we have investigated the changes in body composition, fatty acid profiles of major tissues, cardiovascular remodeling, and hepatic structure and function following the administration of a C or H diet for 32 wk and the effects of chronic chia seed supplementation for the final 24 wk of either diet.…”

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Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

Poudyal

Panchal

Ward

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Poudyal H, Panchal SK, Ward LC, Waanders J, Brown L. Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302: E1472-E1482, 2012. First published March 20, 2012 doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00102.2012.-Age-related physiological changes develop at the same time as the increase in metabolic syndrome in humans after young adulthood. There is a paucity of data in models mimicking chronic diet-induced changes in human middle age and interventions to reverse these changes. This study measured the changes during chronic consumption of a high-carbohydrate (as cornstarch), low-fat (C) diet and a high-carbohydrate (as fructose and sucrose), high-fat (H) diet in rats for 32 wk. C diet feeding induced changes without metabolic syndrome, such as disproportionate increases in total body lean and fat mass, reduced bone mineral content, cardiovascular remodeling with increased systolic blood pressure, left ventricular and arterial stiffness, and increased plasma markers of liver injury. H diet feeding induced visceral adiposity with reduced lean mass, increased lipid infiltration in the skeletal muscle, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, cardiovascular remodeling, hepatic steatosis, and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the heart and the liver. Chia seed supplementation for 24 wk attenuated most structural and functional modifications induced by age or H diet, including increased whole body lean mass and lipid redistribution from the abdominal area, and normalized the chronic low-grade inflammation induced by H diet feeding; these effects may be mediated by increased metabolism of anti-inflammatory n-3 fatty acids from chia seed. These results suggest that chronic H diet feeding for 32 wk mimics the diet-induced cardiovascular and metabolic changes in middle age and that chia seed may serve as an alternative dietary strategy in the management of these changes. obesity; chia seed; omega-3 fatty acids; metabolic syndrome METABOLIC SYNDROME is defined as a cluster of risk factors, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, leading to cardiovascular diseases (3). The worldwide pandemic of metabolic syndrome and, particularly, central obesity, has been attributed to increased consumption of lipogenic sugars, such as fructose, together with saturated fats (1, 37). The Western diet, characterized by excessive intake of saturated and trans fatty acids and a low n-3-to-n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, has been associated with chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, renal diseases, and arthritis (2,12,24,36).Early onset of obesity is a key predictor of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity in young adulthood and middle age (9,13,19,20). Childhood or adolescent obesity is a direct cause of cardiovascular disease in young, middleaged, and elderly populations and increased all-cause mortality (25). The progression from childhood through middle age to old age is...

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Section: Rats and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

Poudyal

Panchal

Ward

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…In recent years, S. hispanica seed has become important in human nutrition for providing health benefits, such as bowel regulation; reduction of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cholesterol and triglycerides; and prevention of type II diabetes (Jin et al, 2012;Poudyal, Panchal, Waanders, Ward, & Brown, 2012). Seeds of S. hispanica have also been under investigation because of their high levels of protein, antioxidants and dietary fiber, as well as the quality of their oil (30 g oil 100 g -1 seed weight), which presents high concentrations of alphalinolenic acid (50-57%) and linoleic acid (17-26%) (Ixtaina et al, 2011 S. hispanica has been relatively well studied with respect to its nutritional and medicinal values; however, regarding its agronomic aspects, experimental data are still very scarce, especially in the scope of seed technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light regime and temperature on seed germination in Salvia hispanica L.

et al. 2016

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ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effects of different light regimes and temperatures on the germination of S. hispanica seeds and used a factorial scheme in a completely randomized experimental design, in which three light conditions were combined with six temperatures (constant 20, 25, 30 and 35°C and alternating 20-30 and 25-30°C), totaling 18 treatments with four 50-seed replications. The seeds were sown on blotting paper in transparent plastic boxes and then allowed to germinate in Biochemical Oxygen Demand germinators. The seeds were evaluated over a period of eight days with respect to the following variables: germination percentage, average germination time, shoot and root lengths, shoot and root dry weights and root-shoot ratio. The data were submitted to Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05%). The S. hispanica seed (beige colored) germination test can be carried out at constant (25°C) or alternating (25-30°C) temperatures. The germination of the seeds was indifferent to the light conditions evaluated; however, there was increased seedling growth and dry matter accumulation in the presence of light. The duration of the S. hispanica seed germination test can be five days, with the first count on the second day after sowing.Keywords: chia, seeds analysis, germination test.Regime de luz e temperatura na germinação de sementes de Salvia hispanica L. RESUMO.A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes regimes de luz e temperaturas sob a germinação de sementes de S. hispanica. Adotou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial constituído pela combinação de três condições de luminosidade (luz constante, escuro constante e alternância luz/escuro com 8h de luz e 16h de escuro) e seis temperaturas (quatro temperaturas constantes 20, 25, 30 e 35°C, e duas alternadas 20-30 e 25-30°C), perfazendo 18 tratamentos em quatro repetições de 50 sementes. As sementes foram semeadas em caixas plásticas transparentes, tendo como substrato papel mata-borrão e colocadas para germinar em Biochemical Oxigen Demand. As sementes foram avaliadas durante oito dias através das seguintes variáveis: percentagem de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e da radícula, massa seca da parte aérea e da radícula e relação raiz/parte aérea. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05%). O teste de germinação de sementes de S. hispanica (coloração bege) pode ser conduzido em temperaturas constante de 25°C e alternada de 25-30°C. A germinação das sementes mostrou-se indiferente à luminosidade, no entanto, verificou-se maior crescimento das plântulas e acúmulo de massa seca na presença de luz. A duração do teste de germinação de sementes S. hispanica pode ser de cinco dias, com a primeira contagem realizada no segundo dia após a semeadura.Palavras-chave: chia, análise de sementes, teste de germinação.

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“…Within the non-traditional sources of ALA are chia (Salvia hispánica) and rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa) oils which have a high concentration of ALA (close to 60 and 30%, respectively) and n-6/n-3 ratios of 0.7 and 2.5 respectively, which make these oils good sources of the precursor ALA for the formation of n-3 LCPUFAs. Current research on chia (seeds and oil) has demonstrated beneficial effects which improve insulin resistance in dislipidemic obese rats (Chicco et al, 2009), cardioand hepatic protective actions in obese rats (Poudyal et al, 2011) and antitumoral effects in mice (Espada et al, 2007). Rosa mosqueta oil has been characterized for its antioxidant contents (Franco et al ., 2007) and its benefitial effects in some dermatological diseases (Valladares, et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (Salvia hispánica) or rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa)

O.¹,

B.²,

Gormaz³

et al. 2012

Grasas y Aceites

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RESUMEN Evaluación de la bioconversión hepática de ácido a-linolénico (ALA) a ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) en ratas alimentadas con aceites de chía (Salvia hispánica) o rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa).El elevado aporte en la dieta de ácidos grasos omega-6, en relación a los ácidos grasos omega-3, genera alteraciones de la salud cardiovascular, inflamación y otras patologías crónicas no transmisibles. Por otro lado, el pescado rico en ácidos grasos omega-3 es de bajo consumo en Latinoamérica, siendo necesario buscar otras alternativas de aporte de ácidos grasos omega-3, como lo son el aceite de chía (CO) o el de rosa mosqueta (RMO), ricos en ácido a-linolénico (ALA), que es el precursor de los ácidos grasos omega-3, eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA). Este trabajo evaluó en forma preliminar la bioconversión hepática del ALA en EPA y DHA y el daño hepático (histología y transaminasas) en ratas Sprague-Dawley alimentadas con diferentes aceites vegetales. Se conformaron cuatro grupos experimentales (n 5 9 animales por grupo) que recibieron durante 21 días: a) aceite de girasol (SFO); b) RMO, c) CO y d) aceite de oliva adicionado de aceite de pescado (EPA 1 DHA) (OO/FO). RMO y CO aumentaron los niveles hepáticos de ALA, EPA y DHA y disminuyeron la razón n-6/n-3 respecto a SFO (p  0,05), sin cambios en paráme-tros de daño hepático. Se concluye que CO y RMO pueden ser una alternativa nutricional de aporte de ALA para su bioconversión en EPA y DHA. PALABRAS CLAVE: Aceite de chía -Aceite de rosa mosqueta -Ácido a-linolénico -Ácido docosahexaenoico -Ácido ecosapentanoico -Bioconversión de ácidos grasos. SUMMARY Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of a-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (Salvia hispánica) or rosa mosqueta (rosa Rubiginosa).The high dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids in relation to n-3 fatty acids generates health disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases and other chronic diseases. The consumption of fish, which is rich in n-3 fatty acids, is low in Latin America and it is necessary to seek other alternatives, such as chia oil (CO) or rosa mosqueta oil (RMO), which are rich in a-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of the n -3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study evaluates the hepatic bioconversion of ALA to EPA and DHA and the damage to the liver (histology and transaminase) in SpragueDawley rats fed different vegetable oils. Four experimental groups (n 5 9 animals each group) were fed the following dietary supplements for 21 days: a) sunflower oil (SFO), b) RMO, c) CO d) olive oil with fish oil added (EPA and DHA) (OO/FO). RMO and CO increased the hepatic levels of ALA, EPA and DHA and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio compared to SFO (p  0.05) without changes in the parameters of liver damage. It is concluded that CO and RMO may be nutritional alternatives for providing ALA for its bioconversion to EPA and DHA. ...

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Lipid redistribution by α-linolenic acid-rich chia seed inhibits stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and induces cardiac and hepatic protection in diet-induced obese rats

Cited by 162 publications

References 52 publications

Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

Chronic high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding in rats induces reversible metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver changes

<b>Light regime and temperature on seed germination in <i>Salvia hispanica</i> L.

Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (<i>Salvia hispánica</i>) or rosa mosqueta (<i>Rosa rubiginosa</i>)

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