Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (<i>Salvia hispánica</i>) or rosa mosqueta (<i>Rosa rubiginosa</i>)

Abstract

RESUMEN Evaluación de la bioconversión hepática de ácido a-linolénico (ALA) a ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA) en ratas alimentadas con aceites de chía (Salvia hispánica) o rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa).El elevado aporte en la dieta de ácidos grasos omega-6, en relación a los ácidos grasos omega-3, genera alteraciones de la salud cardiovascular, inflamación y otras patologías crónicas no transmisibles. Por otro lado, el pescado rico en ácidos grasos omega-3 es de bajo consumo en Latinoamérica, siendo necesario buscar otras alternativas de aporte de ácidos grasos omega-3, como lo son el aceite de chía (CO) o el de rosa mosqueta (RMO), ricos en ácido a-linolénico (ALA), que es el precursor de los ácidos grasos omega-3, eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA). Este trabajo evaluó en forma preliminar la bioconversión hepática del ALA en EPA y DHA y el daño hepático (histología y transaminasas) en ratas Sprague-Dawley alimentadas con diferentes aceites vegetales. Se conformaron cuatro grupos experimentales (n 5 9 animales por grupo) que recibieron durante 21 días: a) aceite de girasol (SFO); b) RMO, c) CO y d) aceite de oliva adicionado de aceite de pescado (EPA 1 DHA) (OO/FO). RMO y CO aumentaron los niveles hepáticos de ALA, EPA y DHA y disminuyeron la razón n-6/n-3 respecto a SFO (p  0,05), sin cambios en paráme-tros de daño hepático. Se concluye que CO y RMO pueden ser una alternativa nutricional de aporte de ALA para su bioconversión en EPA y DHA. PALABRAS CLAVE: Aceite de chía -Aceite de rosa mosqueta -Ácido a-linolénico -Ácido docosahexaenoico -Ácido ecosapentanoico -Bioconversión de ácidos grasos. SUMMARY Evaluation of the hepatic bioconversion of a-linolenic acid (ALA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in rats fed with oils from chia (Salvia hispánica) or rosa mosqueta (rosa Rubiginosa).The high dietary intake of n-6 fatty acids in relation to n-3 fatty acids generates health disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory diseases and other chronic diseases. The consumption of fish, which is rich in n-3 fatty acids, is low in Latin America and it is necessary to seek other alternatives, such as chia oil (CO) or rosa mosqueta oil (RMO), which are rich in a-linolenic acid (ALA), the precursor of the n -3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study evaluates the hepatic bioconversion of ALA to EPA and DHA and the damage to the liver (histology and transaminase) in SpragueDawley rats fed different vegetable oils. Four experimental groups (n 5 9 animals each group) were fed the following dietary supplements for 21 days: a) sunflower oil (SFO), b) RMO, c) CO d) olive oil with fish oil added (EPA and DHA) (OO/FO). RMO and CO increased the hepatic levels of ALA, EPA and DHA and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio compared to SFO (p  0.05) without changes in the parameters of liver damage. It is concluded that CO and RMO may be nutritional alternatives for providing ALA for its bioconversion to EPA and DHA. ...

Characterization and Bioaccessibility of Minerals in Seeds of &lt;i&gt;Salvia hispanica&lt;/i&gt; L.

“…The oils present in Chia seeds are therefore a good source of ALA, and they can significantly increase ALA levels of EPA and liver DHA by producing a ratio of n − 6/n − 3 that is much smaller [5]. Thus, the grains can be used as an aid in reducing dyslipidemia and to improve HDL-cholesterol, and they can act as a factor to help prevent chronic diseases [41].…”

Dietary chia seeds (Salvia hispanica) improve acute dyslipidemia and steatohepatitis in rats

“…The effects of DC are strongly related to its high content of ALA, with chia being recognized as the richest source of ω-3 (62%-64% of total lipids) among food plants (Abedi & Sahari, 2014;Ayerza, 2013;Ríos-Hoyo et al, 2017). ALA is a precursor of DHA and EPA, which are produced efficiently in the rat liver by bioconversion of ALA from chia oil (Rincón-Cervera et al, 2016;Valenzuela et al, 2012). The ω-3 fatty acids regulate nuclear receptors involved in the transport and oxidation of fatty acids, such as the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α and -γ.…”

“…Student-Newman-Keuls test 2016;Lyu et al, 2017). The consumption of excessive amounts of ω-6 fatty acids is nowadays known to promote cancer, MetS and inflammatory, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases, as these fatty acis are converted to proinflammatory eicosanoids(Ayerza, 2009;Juárez-Hernández et al, 2016;Valenzuela et al, 2012). In contrast, ω-3 fatty acids prevent all of these conditions due to their pharmacological properties when consumed within healthy ratios of 2-4:1 (ω-6:ω-3), or better in the ideal ratio 1:1(Abedi & Sahari,…”