Lipid profiling of suction blister fluid: comparison of lipids in interstitial fluid and plasma

Abstract

Background Recent technical advances in the extraction of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) have stimulated interest in using this rather unexploited biofluid as an alternative to blood for detection and prediction of disease. However, knowledge about the presence of useful biomarkers for health monitoring in ISF is still limited. In this study, we characterized the lipidome of human suction blister fluid (SBF) as a surrogate for pure ISF and compared it to that of plasma. Methods Plasma and SBF samples were obtained from 18 healthy human volunteers after an overnight fast. Total lipids were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. One hundred ninety-three lipid species covering 10 complex lipid classes were detected and quantified in both plasma and SBF using multiple reaction monitoring. A fraction of the lipid extract was subjected to alkaline transesterification and fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results The total concentration of lipids in SBF was 17% of the plasma lipid concentration. The molar fraction of lipid species within lipid classes, as well as total fatty acids, showed a generally high correlation between plasma and SBF. However, SBF had larger fractions of lysophospholipids and diglycerides relative to plasma, and consequently less diacylphospholipids and triglycerides. Principal component analysis revealed that the interindividual variation in SBF lipid profiles was considerably larger than the within-subject variation between plasma and SBF. Conclusions Plasma and SBF lipid profiles show high correlation and SBF could be used interchangeably with blood for the analysis of major lipids used in health monitoring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1107-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Inflammatory Markers in Suction Blister Fluid: A Comparative Study Between Interstitial Fluid and Plasma

“…The cohort included 13 females and 5 males with a mean age of 50.3 years (min/max 29.0/64.3 years). The same set of samples has previously been used to analyze lipidomic profiles in SBF and plasma (4). Details of the cohort (4) and procedures for the extraction of plasma and SBF have been previously described (15).…”

“…Two areas for the use of biomarkers in ISF have been proposed: I) as an alternative to blood to monitor systemic responses (4); and II) for the analysis of molecules that reflect the local environment at the site of sampling, which cannot be quantified in the systemic circulation (5). We recently showed that ISF derived from suction blister fluid (SBF) contains many lipids in similar proportions as in plasma and that ISF could be used interchangeably with plasma to monitor risk prediction biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (4).…”

The Impact of Olive Oil Compounds on the Metabolic Reprogramming of Cutaneous Melanoma Cell Models

“…The effects of oleic acid, homovanillyl alcohol, and hydroxytyrosol on CM were assessed using viability assays performed 48 h post treatment of two BRAF mutated melanoma cell lines (A375 and MNT1). The concentrations tested were selected based on the literature available about the effects of these compounds on different types of cancer, as well as on the reported concentrations of oleic acid in plasma [ 19 , 20 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The treatment with oleic acid and homovanillyl alcohol did not affect the viability of either melanoma cell line in a statistically significant manner ( Figure 1 A,B).…”

“…MNT1 cells seem to be more resistant to the effect of this compound, although there is a tendency to a reduction in viability after treatment. The concentrations tested in this study were selected based on the available literature on the effect of these compounds in other types of cancer and also on the available data about plasma concentrations of oleic acid in a healthy population [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…The concentrations used to treat A375 and MNT1 cells were selected based on the literature available about the effects of these compounds on different types of cancer. In addition, articles describing the concentrations of oleic acid in the plasma of healthy individuals were also considered to choose the concentrations to be used in this study [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Oleic acid was detected in a range of concentrations between 0.03 and 3.2 mmol/L (30 µM and 3200 µM) in plasma of a population of healthy young Canadian adults ( n = 826) [ 30 ].…”