Lipid metabolism in adaptation to extreme nutritional challenges

Olsen, Luke; Thum, Edward; Rohner, Nicolas

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.024

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…The effects of lipids on infection development play a pivotal role. The function of lipids was gradually decrypted, which was used as an alternative source in pathologic conditions ( Olsen et al, 2021 ), and was involved in the virus infection, was involved in transport of cell membrane, and activated intricate signaling pathways related to the immune system ( Yu et al, 2021 ). Lipid metabolism dysfunction in the host has extensive effects on immune cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Lipid Profile in COVID-19 Patients and Metabolic Reprogramming

et al. 2022

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BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Previous studies have reported dyslipidemia in patients with COVID-19. Herein, we conducted a retrospective study and a bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the essential data of the lipid profile as well as the possible mechanism in patients with COVID-19.MethodsFirst of all, the retrospective study included three cohorts: patients with COVID-19, a healthy population, and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For each subject, serum lipid profiles in the biochemical data were compared, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Furthermore, bioinformatics analyses were performed for exploring the biological or immunological mechanisms.ResultsIn line with the biochemical data of the three cohorts, the statistical result displayed that patients with COVID-19 were more likely to have lower levels of TC and HDL-C as compared with healthy individuals. The differential proteins associated with COVID-19 are involved in the lipid pathway and can target and regulate cytokines and immune cells. Additionally, a heatmap revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections were possibly involved in lipid metabolic reprogramming. The viral proteins, such as spike (S) and non-structural protein 2 (Nsp2) of SARS-CoV-2, may be involved in metabolic reprogramming.ConclusionThe metabolic reprogramming after SARS-CoV-2 infections is probably associated with the immune and clinical phenotype of patients. Hence, metabolic reprogramming may be targeted for developing antivirals against COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Lipid Profile in COVID-19 Patients and Metabolic Reprogramming

et al. 2022

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“…Our work also reveals specific genes and lipids that could be critical for long-term survival in suspended development. Lipids that accumulate in a state of 'suspended animation' (e.g., very long-chain fatty acids) could serve as key substrates for long-lasting survival (62,63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, transcription factors whose motifs are enriched in the diapause state (e.g., FOXOs, PPARs) are genetically required for suspended animation states, such as C. elegans dauer (67-69), and are expressed in mammalian hibernation (70). Furthermore, lipids and lipid metabolism genes are expressed differentially in mammalian diapause (71) as well as hibernation and torpor (63,72,73), and are under positive selection in exceptionally long-lived mammals (74).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of diapause in the African turquoise killifish by remodeling ancient gene regulatory landscape

Singh

Reeves

Contrepois

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Suspended animation states such as hibernation or diapause allow organisms to survive extreme environments. But the mechanisms underlying the evolution of these extreme survival states are unknown. The African turquoise killifish has evolved diapause as a form of suspended development to survive the complete drought that occurs every year in its habitat. Here we show that many gene duplicates - paralogs - exhibit specialized expression in diapause versus normal development in the African turquoise killifish. Surprisingly, paralogs with specialized expression in diapause are evolutionarily very ancient, and they are also present even in vertebrates that do not exhibit diapause. Profiling the chromatin accessibility landscape among different fish species reveals an evolutionarily recent increase in chromatin accessibility at these very ancient paralogs, suggesting rewiring of their regulatory landscape. The increase in chromatin accessibility in the African turquoise killifish is linked to the presence of new binding sites for transcription factors (e.g., FOXO, REST, and PPAR), due to both de novo mutations and transposable element insertion. Interestingly, accessible chromatin regions in diapause are enriched for lipid metabolism genes. By performing lipidomics in different fish species, we uncover a specific lipid profile in African turquoise killifish embryos in diapause. Notably, select very long-chain fatty acids are high in diapause, suggesting they may be used for long-term survival in this state. Together, our multi-omic analysis indicates that diapause is driven by regulatory innovation of very ancient gene programs that are critical for survival. Our work also suggests a mechanism for how complex adaptations evolve in nature and offers strategies by which a suspended animation program could be reactivated in other species for long-term preservation.

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“…Astyanax mexicanus has emerged as a powerful system to understand the genetic and physiological basis of metabolic adaptation to nutrient deprived habitats (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). The species comes in two morphotypes -the surface fish that live in lush, nutrient-rich rivers and the blind cavefish that dwell in dark and nutrient-poor caves in the Sierra de El Abra of northeast Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver-derived cell lines from cavefish Astyanax mexicanus as an in vitro model for studying metabolic adaptation

Krishnan

Wang

Kenzior

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cell lines have become an integral resource and tool for conducting biological experiments ever since the Hela cell line was first developed (1). They not only allow detailed investigation of molecular pathways but are faster and more cost-effective than most in vivo approaches. The last decade saw many emerging model systems strengthening basic science research. However, lack of genetic and molecular tools in these newer systems pose many obstacles. Astyanax mexicanus is proving to be an interesting new model system for understanding metabolic adaptation. To further enhance the utility of this system, we developed liver-derived cell lines from both surface-dwelling and cave-dwelling morphotypes. In this study, we provide detailed methodology of the derivation process along with a comprehensive biochemical and molecular characterization of the cell lines, which reflects key metabolic traits of cavefish adaptation. We anticipate these cell lines to become a useful resource for the Astyanax community as well as researchers investigating fish biology, comparative physiology, and metabolism.

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Lipid metabolism in adaptation to extreme nutritional challenges

Cited by 32 publications

References 146 publications

Altered Lipid Profile in COVID-19 Patients and Metabolic Reprogramming

Altered Lipid Profile in COVID-19 Patients and Metabolic Reprogramming

Evolution of diapause in the African turquoise killifish by remodeling ancient gene regulatory landscape

Liver-derived cell lines from cavefish Astyanax mexicanus as an in vitro model for studying metabolic adaptation

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