Lipid conversions during enrichment of Artemia

Navarro, Juan Carlos; Henderson, R. J.; McEvoy, Lesley; Bell, Michael V.; Amat, Francisco

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00004-6

Cited by 167 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…By contrast, the reduction in ARA and EPA during larval development was considerably less. Artemia have the ability to form EPA (20:5n-3) on algal diets lacking this FA (Sargent and Whittle, 1981) by retroconversion of DHA to EPA (Navarro et al, 1999;Evjemo et al, 2001), Of the SFA, palmitic acid 16:0, was the most abundant at hatch (13.9%) followed by stearic acid 18:0, (6.9%). At later stages and with starvation, the levels of these SFA converged, so that by Stage VI, they were 10.9% and 8.0%, respectively, for fed larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Ritar

Dunstan

Crear

et al. 2003

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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We examined biochemical changes accompanying feeding and starvation from hatch to Stage VI (day 74 after hatch) in spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii, phyllosoma larvae. Larval dry weights (dw) increased 17-fold from hatch (80 ± 1 μg) to Stage VI (1415 ± 44 μg). Larvae starved for 6-11 days at Stages II, IV and VI were 14-40% lighter than their fed counterparts fed enriched Artemia. The increases and losses in total dw during feeding and starvation were associated with changes in the content of protein (constituting 31.4-41.7% of dw) and carbohydrate (constituting 2.6-5.3% of dw), while larger changes in lipid content indicated its greater importance as an energy substrate. Lipid content increased from 7.9% of dw at hatch to its highest of 12.5% at Stage IV, but declined by 50% or more during starvation. This suggests that protein, carbohydrate and lipid are all important energy stores, although lipids are catabolised at a greater rate during food deprivation. The principal lipid class was polar lipid (79-92% of total lipid), followed by sterol (6-20%), with triacylglycerol and other lipid classes at <2%. Polar lipids were catabolized and sterols were conserved during starvation. Changes in the fatty acid profile had mostly occurred before the first moult at day 8 after hatch, with gradual changes thereafter to Stage VI, reflecting their abundance in the Artemia diet. There was some conservation of the major essential fatty acids (EFA), 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, and the fatty acid profile showed large gains in the C 18 PUFA, 18:1n-9, 18:2n-6. Ascorbic acid content increased 10-fold from hatch to the end of Stage I (36 and 333 μg g -1 dw, respectively), while the content at the end of Stage II was higher in fed than starved larvae (439 and 174 μg g -1 dw, respectively). Our study will assist in the development of alternatives to nutritionally incomplete diets, such as live ongrown Artemia, to meet the requirements of phyllosoma in culture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Ritar

Dunstan

Crear

et al. 2003

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…DHA is particularly difficult to increase in Artemia metanauplii as it has been previously reported; for example, Faleiro & Narciso (2011) managed to increase DHA levels in Artemia metanauplii to 4% when using Algamac 2000 emulsion containing 27% of DHA. This decrease of DHA in enriched Artemia metanauplii can be a result of retroconversion from DHA to EPA, which has been proposed before in Artemia (Navarro et al, 1999;Han et al, 2001). However, it could also be a result of the Artemia strain used, since different strains might present different retroconversion capacities, and of different enrichment methodologies, such as enriching twice, washing after the enrichment, light and temperature, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…It is well known that although DHA levels were high in the emulsions, they tended to decrease in the enriched metanauplii, probably a due to fatty acid retroconversion (Navarro et al, 1999;Han et al, 2001;Palacios et al, 2004). Since we wanted to further increase DHA levels supplied to juvenile seahorses, we used commercial oil designed for human consumption containing more than 60% of DHA, compared to 10-15% of DHA generally present in the emulsions designed for fish.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and survival of Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810) juveniles fed on Artemia with different HUFA levels

Vite-García

Simões

Arjona

et al. 2014

lajar

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ABSTRACT. Survival during first months after birth is one of the bottlenecks for consolidating the seahorse farming industry. In this work, Artemia metanauplii enriched with two highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) rich commercial emulsions with different docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels (63% and 14% of total lipids), a vegetable oil with no DHA, and non-enriched Artemia as control, were used to feed 5-day-old juvenile Hippocampus erectus for 60 days. Enriched Artemia had similar levels of DHA (13% and 9%), despite great differences of DHA in the emulsions, with traces of DHA in non-enriched and vegetable oil enriched Artemia. More than 20% of DHA was found in 24 h starved juveniles fed both DHA-enriched treatments, similar to values in newly born juveniles, but those fed vegetable oil enriched Artemia or non-enriched Artemia had 5% of DHA. Total lipid and protein levels were similar in juveniles from the four treatments. The n-3/n-6 ratio was almost four-fold higher in seahorses fed DHA-enriched treatments compared to juveniles fed the nonenriched treatments. Survival of seahorses only partially reflected the DHA levels: it was lower in the vegetable oil treatment, similar in the seahorses fed Artemia with higher DHA and in the control treatment, and higher in seahorses fed the HUFA-enriched Artemia with lower DHA levels, although growth was similar in the two DHA-enriched Artemia treatments. Juvenile H. erectus seahorses perform better when they have at least 20% of DHA in their tissues, and these levels can be attained with no more than 14% of DHA in emulsions, eliminating the need for more expensive emulsions with higher DHA levels. Keywords: Hippocampus erectus, seahorse, DHA, growth, fatty acids, survival, aquaculture.Crecimiento y sobrevivencia de juveniles de Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810) alimentados con Artemia con diferentes niveles de HUFA RESUMEN. La sobrevivencia durante los primeros meses de vida es uno de los cuellos de botella para la consolidación de la industria del cultivo del caballito de mar (Hippocampus erectus). En este trabajo se utilizaron metanauplios enriquecidos con dos emulsiones comerciales, con diferentes niveles de ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA) (63% y 14%), con aceite vegetal sin DHA, y metanauplios sin enriquecimiento como control, para alimentar caballitos de mar de 5 días de vida durante 60 días. La Artemia enriquecida tuvo niveles similares de DHA (13% y 9%), a pesar de las grandes diferencias en las emulsiones, con trazas de DHA en la Artemia no enriquecida y la enriquecida con aceite vegetal. Se obtuvo más de 20% de DHA en juveniles, muestreados con 24 h de ayuno, de los tratamientos con enriquecimiento de DHA, con valores similares a los de caballitos recién nacidos, pero los caballitos que se alimentaron con Artemia enriquecida con aceite vegetal y con Artemia no enriquecida tuvieron 5% de DHA. Los lípidos y proteínas totales fueron similares en los caballitos de los cuatros tratamientos. La razón n-3/n-6 fue casi cuatro veces mayor en caballitos alimentados con los t...

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“…This phenomenon could have been caused by the fats in the supplement undergoing spontaneous transformation during enrichment (McEvoy et al 1995, Navarro et al 1999, Monroig et al 2007). Polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidize using the oxygen in the supplement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of enriching larval brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) with a supplement containing polyunsaturated fatty acids on their growth and mortality

Prusińska

Kushniry

Khudyi

et al. 2015

Archives of Polish Fisheries

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Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the impact the commercial supplement S.presso (INVE Aquaculture, Belgium), a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids to enrich the proximate composition of brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), had on their growth and mortality. Four different enrichment protocols were investigated: the supplement was given in one or two doses at various time intervals. The results indicate that while S.presso increased nauplius mortality slightly, administering the appropriate dose reduced losses to a very low level (from 12.5% with a single dose to 8.6% with the recommended dose divided into to equal parts). Additionally, it was confirmed that the supplement S.presso increased brine shrimp growth slightly in comparison to that of the control group, but the differences were statistically insignificant. The results permit concluding that S.presso is suitable for use as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for brine shrimp enrichment with the intent of using them as fish food.

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Lipid conversions during enrichment of Artemia

Cited by 167 publications

References 18 publications

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Biochemical composition during growth and starvation of early larval stages of cultured spiny lobster (Jasus edwardsii) phyllosoma

Growth and survival of Hippocampus erectus (Perry, 1810) juveniles fed on Artemia with different HUFA levels

Impact of enriching larval brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) with a supplement containing polyunsaturated fatty acids on their growth and mortality

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