Lipid Class and Fatty Acid Compositions of Dried Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Abstract

Introduction: Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is becoming popular around the world due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. There are still no detailed chemical studies of the lipid class, glycolipids compositions of sea cucumber. Methods: This study was conducted to determine the lipid class and glycolipid compositions of dried sea cucumber, A. japonicus, and analyze fatty acid compositions of Monogalactosyl Diglycerides (MGDG), Steryl Glycosides (SG) and Sulfoquinovosyl Diglycerides (SQDG). Total lipids of sea cucumber were extracted by Bligh and Dyer method and Sep-Pak Silica plus long cartridge, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) silica gel G-60 F254 was used for the separation of different lipid classes and glycolipid compositions. The composition of fatty acids was analyzed by GC. Results & Conclusion: The level of total lipids in the dried sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, was 4 ± 1% of dry weight (w/w) and the amount of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids was 31 ± 1%, 29 ± 1% and 40 ± 1% of the total lipids (w/w), respectively. MGDG, SG and SQDG were the major glycolipids, and the contents were 37.5 ± 0.3%, 33.8 ± 0.5% and 23.6 ± 0.7% of the total glycolipids (w/w), respectively and significantly higher than other glycolipids (p < 0.05). SQDG contained much higher Arachidonic Acid (AA), Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and MGDG contained higher Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) compared with SG (p < 0.05). Further investigation is required to understand the positional distribution of fatty acids and molecular species in MGDG, SG and SQDG in detail.

Mitodepressive and Genotoxic Potential of Crude Body Wall and Cuvierian Tubule Extracts of Mani-mani (Pearsonothuria graeffei Semper) on Root Meristems of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

“…Microscopically, the cytotoxic effect may be linked to the mutagenic action or genotoxic effect of the present active components of crude extracts that may have interfered with the normally nuclear process of the onion root tip cells. Holothurians are also a rich source of essential fatty acids, which include classes of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) like arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (Anisuzzaman et al, 2019) and the monounsaturated fatty (MUFA), namely gadoleic and cis-oleic acids (Yahyavi et al, 2012). Like docosahexaenoic acid, which was found to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, a long-chain saturated fatty acid called stearic acid from sea cucumber (Holothuria sp.)…”

Physicochemical Properties and Liposomal Formulations of Hydrolysate Fractions of Four Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) from the Northwestern Algerian Coast

“…Among marine benthic invertebrates, Holothurians (commonly known as sea cucumbers) have received particular attention due to the presence of biomolecules that have health benefits such as: (1) chondroitin sulfates [ 4 ]; (2) fucan sulfates [ 5 ]; (3) polysaccharides [ 6 ]; (4) triterpene glycosides (saponins) [ 7 ]. These four biomolecule types have applications in the pharmaceutical industry due to their broad panel of bioactivities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antitumor, antioxidant, and antiviral activities [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]; (5) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play an essential role in metabolic activities [ 11 ], coronary heart diseases, arthritis, wound healing, and blood clotting [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and (6) peptides [ 15 ] which exhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Peptides’ biological activities decrease sometimes due to digestion or poor absorption [ 19 , 20 ].…”