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Global population is in constant growth, and so is its global protein demand. Aquaculture has been highlighted as one of the best possibilities to satisfy animal protein demand due to the remarkable efficiency of fish growth in comparison with terrestrial animals (Fry, 2018), and to its fast development as an industrial food sector. The most commonly farmed fish require aquafeeds with a high content in protein, whose demand has been traditionally satisfied with a significant inclusion of fishmeal (FM) in fish feeding formulations. In order to favour this continuous development in a sustainable way, the scientific and industrial communities have invested big efforts on

Under field conditions, the pheromone attractant responses of the scolytids Orthotomicus erosus and Ips sexdentatus were significantly reduced by the addition of one of the oxidation products of α‐pinene, verbenone, to the attractive volatiles 2‐methyl‐3‐butene‐2‐ol plus ipsdienol. Catches in flight barrier traps also decreased when (S)‐cis‐verbenol was added to the dual bait mixture; the inhibitory action of the terpene alcohol was more noticeable upon the female populations of both species. The observed patterns of behavior might reflect the outcome of a long process of competition among Ips species. Zusammenfassung Hemmende Wirkung von (S)‐cis‐Verbenol und Verbenon auf die Anlockung von Orthotomicus erosus (Woll.) und Ips sexdentatus Boern. (Col., Scolyüdae) an Pheromonfalien Die Lockwirkung der Pheromonkombination 2‐Methyl‐3‐Buten‐2‐ol plus rac. Ipsdienol auf Orthotomicus erosus und Ips sexdentatus wurde durch den Zusatz von Verbenon stark reduziert. Wenn die Lockstoffkombination zusammen mit (S)‐cis‐Verbenol ausgebracht wurde, war die Zahl der in Flugbarrierefallen gefangenen Käfer ebenfalls wesentlich geringer. Dabei hemmte der Terpenalkohol den Anflug der Weibchen stärker als den der Männchen. Das beobachtete Verhaltensmuster wird als Ergebnis einer interspezifischen Konkurrenz zwischen den sympatrischen Ips‐Arten gedeutet.

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SUMMARYSelenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for humans, yet its dietary intake is low, mostly due to the low bioavailability in soils and therefore in edible plant tissues. To overcome Se deficiency, the breeding approach (i.e., genetic biofortification), namely in rice, is largely dependent on available Se pools. To ensure the success of genetic biofortification with Se, agronomic biofortification can be accomplished through foliar Se application. Considering this background, the main hypothesis of this work was centered in the foliar application of Se to attain agronomic biofortification of rice crops. This study also aimed to assess the full potential for increasing grain Se concentrations during rice filling, as well as the types of nutrients deposition. An experimental design applying two foliar fertilizers (sodium selenite and sodium selenate) was developed. As test systems, four rice genotypes (Ariete, Albatros, OP1105 and OP1109) were used and the kinetics of micro- and macro-nutrients accumulation and deposition were assessed. Biofortification was performed in field trials for two years with foliar fertilization ranging between 0 and 300 g Se ha−1. At the end of the plant cycle, selenite applications triggered 427- to 884-fold increases in grain Se concentrations among rice genotypes (Albatros > OP1105 > OP1109 > Ariete). The application of selenate also prompted 128- to 347-fold increases in grain Se concentrations in rice crops (Albatros > OP1105 > Ariete > OP1109). Regardless of the foliar fertilizer applied, Se deposition among genotypes occurred throughout the grain without relevant inhibitory effects on yields. In each genotype, micro and macronutrients varied among crop tissues.

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This study provides an overview of the available literature on the ultraviolet-B (UV-B-λ=280-315 nm) and UV-A radiation (λ=315-400 nm) effects on algae (micro and macroalgae) and aquatic macrophytes, like seagrasses and liverworts. It includes studies on prokariotic cyanobacteria, haptophytes, diatoms, dinoflagellates, red algae, brown algae and chlorophytes from freshwater (ponds, lakes) to marine littoral and Open Ocean. It also reports available studies concerning on marine and freshwater plants exposed under UV irradiation. Since the reported relationship between the human activity and the depletion of the protecting layer, the effects of ultraviolet radiation in the biological relevant wavebands on algae and on organisms in general have become an important issue over the past three decades and will be also important in the next few decades. Virtually, all aquatic organisms depend on algae and aquatic plants (submerged or near shallow line) for food, shelter, also as oxygen supplement and CO2 sequestration by photosynthetic procedure. This review reports on harmfull effects caused by ultraviolet wavebands on photosynthetic organisms in their natural habitats.

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