“…This advancement was achieved in 2018, with the FDA approval of Onpattro ® ((Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA) and Sanofi Genzyme (Cambridge, MA, USA)), consisting of siRNA encapsulated in lipid nano-particles (LNPs) ( Figure 1 a) for the treatment polyneuropathy in people with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. This LNP is made of (6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl-4-(dimethylamino)-butanoate (DLin-MC3-DMA) lipid, disterarolyphosphatidychloline (DSPC), cholesterol and a PEG-lipid (PEG-DMG) that directs the particle in vivo towards the liver hepatocytes [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The ionizable cationic lipid in the LNP complexes with the nucleic acids in acidic media (pH~4) by electrostatic interaction.…”