Lipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets and how they are affected by dietary lipids: a study of normal subjects from Italy, Finland, and the USA

Dougherty, R M; Galli, C.; Ferro-Luzzi, A; Iacono, James M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/45.2.443

Cited by 284 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Our results are in agreement with previously reported data of total erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition [12,20,21]. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the three methods, Method 1 yielded lower values for the ω-3 fatty acids 20:5(ω3) and 22:6(ω3) when compared with Methods 2 and 3 ( Figs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

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A Rapid and Simple Method for Fatty Acid Profiling and Determination of ω-3 Index in Red Blood Cells

Akinyemi¹,

Bruckner²,

Johnson³

et al. 2017

TONUTRJ

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Fatty acid profiling has become a very useful and effective tool in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of several diseases with cardiovascular disease being particularly important. In order to arrive at accurate conclusions that would help promote the health of individuals plagued by such diseases, not only excellent laboratory methods are required, but also very important monitoring responses to treatment. Improvements in methods of fatty acid profiling in biological systems regarding safety of extraction, precision and time for analysis are valuable. The ω-3 index (a measure of the amount of eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, in Red Blood Cell membranes expressed as the percent of total fatty acids) is of growing interest because it has been reported to provide prognostic information regarding the risk for heart diseases. Sodium methoxide has been widely used for the determination of ω -3 fatty acids in food samples. This study demonstrates that sodium methoxide can be used effectively in RBC fatty acid profiling and determination of the ω-3 index. Briefly, the fatty acid profiles and ω-3 index of red blood cell samples were analyzed and results compared using three different methods: a two-step extraction and methylation method described by Hara and Radin, a single step extraction and methylation method described by Harris et al. and the sodium methoxide method.Our results revealed that there were no statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the three methods for the representative fatty acids, [16:0 (p = 0.10), 18:0 (p=0.40), 18:1(ω9) (p = 0.29), 18:2(ω6) (p = 0.95), 18:3(ω3) (p = 0.50), 20:5(ω3) (p=0.56), 22:6(ω3) (p = 0.06)] and ω-3 index (p = 0.11) except for 20:4(ω6), (P = 0.02). In conclusion, we show that sodium methoxide can be used effectively in a one-step extraction and methylation procedure for high throughput analysis of fatty acids in red blood cell membranes. It is rapid (10 minute extraction and methylation), simple, safer than and as accurate as other commonly reported methods.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The Open Nutrition Journal, 2017, Volume 11 21 Calculation of the ω3 index: Amounts of EPA + DHA/Total fatty acids x 100%. …”

Section: Simple Protocol For Blood Fatty Acid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid and Simple Method for Fatty Acid Profiling and Determination of ω-3 Index in Red Blood Cells

Akinyemi¹,

Bruckner²,

Johnson³

et al. 2017

TONUTRJ

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“…rials. 24,42,[49][50][51] We here observed that erythrocyte compositions of DHA and n-3 HUFAs (not including EPA) had positive associations with those of n-6 PUFAs and AA (partial Pearson's correlation coefficients, r 5 0.47 to 0.67, p < 0.0001 for all). We need to clarify competitive inhibition between AA and n-3 HUFAs series regarding (i) incorporation into membrane phospholipids; (ii) desaturation and elongation of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 to biosynthesize AA and EPA; (iii) generation of corresponding AA-and EPA-derived eicosanoids by cyclooxygenases; and (iv) regulation of such eicosanoids biosynthesis and catabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Breast cancer risk and erythrocyte compositions of n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Japanese

Kuriki

Hirose

Wakai

et al. 2007

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Dietary intake of fish rich in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been proposed to decrease cancer risk. In contrast to results from laboratory studies, however, protective effects for breast cancer have proved equivocal in epidemiological studies. In the present case-control study, we examined associations between breast cancer risk and fatty acid compositions in erythrocyte membranes as biomarkers for those intakes. Dietary information and blood samples were collected from 103 incident breast cancer cases and 309 non-cancer controls (matched by age and season) and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured using accelerated solvent extraction and gas-liquid chromatography. Dietary intake of n-3 HUFAs demonstrated a negative association with risk (the highest to the lowest tertile, odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.98; p trend < 0.05), but there was no association with those of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and meat. Moreover, risk was inversely associated with erythrocyte compositions of EPA (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.53; p trend < 0.0001), DHA (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.16; p trend < 0.0001) and n-3 HUFAs (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05-0.24; p trend < 0.0001), and positively with that of SFAs (OR, 12.29; 95% CI,; p trend < 0.0001) and the ratio of SFAs/n-3 HUFAs (OR, 14.65; 95% CI,; p trend < 0.0001). In conclusion, we showed that erythrocyte compositions of specific fatty acids derived from fish intake, as biomarkers, are associated with lower risk of breast cancer, but further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms linked to the etiology. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…Our study showed that DHA supplementation increased LDL-DHA by 175% and LDL-EPA by 39% (Table 3). LDL-fatty acid compositions might not closely reflect fatty acid status as plasma or erythrocyte phospholipids did (Dougherty et al, 1987). But serum cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition has also been widely used as a biomarker for fatty acid intake (Zock et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women

Wang

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background: Vegetarians are generally deficient in long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids have a beneficial effect on plasma lipid levels, and some studies showed that they had breast cancer suppression effect. One of the biomarkers of breast cancer risk is the ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE 1 ) to 16a-hydroxyestrone (16a-OHE 1 ). Objective: To investigate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism and oxidative stress in vegetarians. Design: Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Interventions: Twenty-seven postmenopausal vegetarian women were recruited. After a 2-week run-in period with 6 g placebo corn oil, the subjects were subsequently randomized to receive either 6 g corn oil (n ¼ 13) or 6 g DHA-rich algae oil (2.14 g of DHA/day) (n ¼ 14) for 6 weeks. Two subjects in corn oil group withdrew before completion. Main outcome measures: Plasma lipids, urinary 2-OHE 1 and 16a-OHE 1 , urinary F 2 -isoprostanes and plasma a-tocopherol. Results: Plasma LDL-DHA and EPA level increased significantly by DHA supplementation. DHA decreased plasma cholesterol (C) levels (P ¼ 0.04), but did not influence the levels of plasma TG, LDL-C and HDL-C, a-tocopherol, urinary F 2 -isoprostanes, 2-OHE 1 , 16a-OHE 1 and ratio of 2-OHE 1 to 16a-OHE 1 as compared to corn oil. Conclusion: DHA supplementation at a dose of 2.14 g/day for 42 days decreases plasma cholesterol but neither does it show beneficial effects on estrogen metabolism, nor does it induce deleterious effects on the observed in vivo antioxidant or oxidative stress marker in postmenopausal vegetarian women.

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Lipid and phospholipid fatty acid composition of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets and how they are affected by dietary lipids: a study of normal subjects from Italy, Finland, and the USA

Cited by 284 publications

References 43 publications

A Rapid and Simple Method for Fatty Acid Profiling and Determination of ω-3 Index in Red Blood Cells

A Rapid and Simple Method for Fatty Acid Profiling and Determination of ω-3 Index in Red Blood Cells

Breast cancer risk and erythrocyte compositions of n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in Japanese

Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on blood lipids, estrogen metabolism, and in vivo oxidative stress in postmenopausal vegetarian women

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