Lipid Abnormalities and Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients with Overt and Subclinical Thyroid Disease

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is a common finding in patients with thyroid disease, explained by the adverse effects of thyroid hormones in almost all steps of lipid metabolism. Not only overt but also subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism, through different mechanisms, are associated with lipid alterations, mainly concerning total and LDL cholesterol and less often HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B. In addition to quantitative, qualitative alterations of lipids have been also reported, including atherogenic and oxidized LDL and HDL particles. In thyroid disease, dyslipidemia coexists with various metabolic abnormalities and induce insulin resistance and oxidative stress via a vice-vicious cycle. The above associations in combination with the thyroid hormone induced hemodynamic alterations, might explain the increased risk of coronary artery disease, cerebral ischemia risk, and angina pectoris in older, and possibly ischemic stroke in younger patients with overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (sLOX-1) and ankle brachial index in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer

“…Because thyroid hormones influence lipid metabolism, low lipid levels are expected in patients with overt hyperthyroidism. However, lipid levels in patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis have been reported to be normal, consistent with our results [29]. Moreover, in a study on longterm cardiovascular mortality in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, the frequency of hypercholesterolemia was similar between the patient and control groups [30].…”

A Case Control Study of Serum Lipid Level Alterations in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients

“…Khan (15)(16)(17)(18) . The elevation of apolipoprotein A and low level of lipoprotein B in the SCH patients were also observed in the study conducted by Peppa et al (2011) (19) . The presence of strong association between altered lipid levels and SCH have been suggested by several studies (20,21) .…”

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Control on Myocardial Contractile Function in Rats

“…It was pointed out that diabetes associated with altered lipid metabolism is commonly accompanied by thyroid dysfunction. This can produce significant metabolic disturbances that share in the mechanisms of DCM [7].…”

“…It was reported that diabetes being associated with altered lipid metabolism, is commonly accompanied by thyroid dysfunction. This can produce significant metabolic disturbances that share in the mechanisms of DCM [7]. Accordingly in DM, hyperglycemia, disturbed thyroid functions and altered lipid metabolism may have a great role in the development of DCM and the correction of such disturbances will be very helpful in preventing its development.…”