Lipase Immobilization Techniques for Biodiesel Production: An Overview

Abstract

The growing energy needs and depleting fuel sources compel us to look towards production of biodiesel, an appropriate alternative. The industrially used chemical catalysis process is beset with problems that enzymatic production using lipases could avoid. In this light, the immobilization of lipases plays an important role in the optimization of the production process. This review discusses the various techniques that have been studied for lipase immobilization, namely adsorption, covalent attachment, entrapment, cross-linked enzyme agglomerates and whole-cell biocatalysts, while highlighting their benefits and drawbacks. It also sheds light on the future of enzyme immobilization and its industrial application.

Enantioselective synthesis of (S)‐naproxen using immobilized lipase on chitosan beads

“…[11][12][13][14] However, special characteristic of the industrial application for free enzymes such as good stability, activity, and selectivity under conditions far from the physiological environment is often restricted. [11][12][13][14] However, special characteristic of the industrial application for free enzymes such as good stability, activity, and selectivity under conditions far from the physiological environment is often restricted.…”

Magnetically responsive enzyme powders

“…After reaction the enzymes can be removed by filtration or centrifugation and reused afterwards. However, in some cases the powdered enzymes form an emulsion, the extraction and reuse of the enzyme is difficult, and hence a lot of potential enzyme is wasted [2,3].…”

Green biodiesel production: a review on feedstock, catalyst, monolithic reactor, and supercritical fluid technology

“…However, if alcohol is in excess, lipase will accept alcohol as substrate and start converting lipid into biodiesel by following the bi-bi ping pong reaction (Fjerbaek et al, 2009). This can be explained by the fact that the catalytic site of lipase is hidden within the structure of its monomeric protein which is only exposed at the lipid-water interface (Nigam et al, 2014). Enzymatic reaction offers significant benefits in terms of its low energy consumption and high compatibility with high FFA content of feedstock.…”

“…The gel formed can be classified into three categories in the order of decreasing densities namely; xerogels, ambigels, and aerogels, respectively. Lipase has also been entrapped in methylenebisacylamide, chitosan, cellulose, agarose, calcium alginate, and kappa carrageenan (Ghaly et al, 2010;Nigam et al, 2014). It is important to note that hydrophilic carriers may reduce the activity of an enzyme hence is not recommended for lipase entrapment (Reetz et al, 1996).…”