Lipase-catalysed ammoniolysis of lipids. A facile synthesis of fatty acid amides

Solvent‐free enzymatic synthesis of fatty alkanolamides

“…Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) in particular have found diverse applications in the transformation of both natural and unnatural substrates (De Zoete et al, 1994;Zaks and Klibanov, 1984). There are several studies demonstrating the possibility of utilizing lipases to catalyze amidation reactions using a wide range of amines as well as carboxylic acids (De Zoete et al, 1996;Otero, 2001, 2003;Gotor-Fernández et al, 2006;Kato, 2004a, 2004b;Levinson et al, 2005;Litjens et al, 1999Litjens et al, , 2002Montet et al, 1989;Prasad et al, 2005;Rantwijk et al, 2000;Slotema et al, 2003).…”

Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Amides fromPalm Olein

“…Fatty amides can be synthesized from fatty acids or their esters through treatments with amine compounds 6,7) . Enzymatic synthesis of these compounds from the same starting material has also been reported [8][9][10] . Triglycerides can be converted into their fatty amides via amidation using ammonia or amine compounds 11,12) .…”

Direct synthesis of fatty acid alkanolamides and fatty acid alkyl esters from high free fatty acid containing triglycerides as lubricity improvers using heterogeneous catalyst

“…Aminolysis of fatty acid methyl esters normally involves two steps reaction process. Direct aminolysis of triglycerides (vegetable oils), though uncommon reaction which yields amide surfactant, generally performed using enzymes [23][24][25] or microwave irradiation in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst [26]. The reaction product contains fewer by-products and less purification steps than the usual methods.…”