Lipase activity and fatty acid typoselectivities of plant extracts in hydrolysis and interesterification

Abstract

Lipase fatty acid typoselectivities of Euphorbia characias latex and commercially available crude preparation of bromelain were determined in the hydrolysis of homogeneous triacylglycerols (TAG) and natural TAG mixtures. Their activities were compared to a commercially available crude preparation of papain. Under optimal lipolysis conditions at pH 8.0 and 10 min of incubation time, maximal activities were observed at 45, 55, and 50°C, respectively, for E. characias latex, crude bromelain, and crude papain. Commercially available crude preparations of bromelain exhibited very poor hydrolysis activity. Latex from E. characias, which contained 340 mg of dried material per milliliter of fresh latex, exhibited a high lipase activity and a short-chain fatty acid preference in the hydrolysis of homogeneous TAG. For all substrates, it showed a better activity than crude papain. Lipase fatty acid typoselectivities of crude bromelain and crude papain also were studied in interesterification reactions of tributyrin with a series of homogeneous TAG. Experiments showed that crude bromelain [water activity (A w ): 0.21] had no activity in interesterification. Regarding reactions with crude papain (A w : 0.55), yields of newly formed TAG decreased with increasing chain length of TAG, except for the reaction with trimargarin. For interesterification of tributyrin with unsaturated TAG, triolein reacted faster than polyunsaturated TAG. During these interesterification reactions, the proportion of new TAG with two butyroyl residues was higher than new TAG with only one butyroyl residue. This phenomenon was more pronounced for reactions with long-chain TAG.

Seed lipases: sources, applications and properties - a review

“…However, several studies have indicated that such processes are very expensive due to the high cost of purifying the microbial enzymes (de Castro et al, 2004;Noor et al, 2003). Seed lipases present certain advantages since they do not necessarily have to be purified in order to perform this and other processes (Caro et al, 2000). A partially purified raw extract of Nigella sativa L. was used by Tuter et al (2003) as a lipase source for enriching borage oil with gamma-linolenic fatty acid, obtaining 34.6% incorporation.…”

Effect of water content and temperature onCarica papayalipase catalyzed esterification and transesterification reactions

“…Nevertheless, it is recommended to work at 55°C for industrial consideration (lower energy cost). In aqueous medium, the optimal temperature for the C. papaya lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of tributyrin was about 50°C but its hydrolytic activity decreased after 10 min reaction at 55°C [18]. Furthermore, the yields of the esterification and transesterification reactions as a function of the temperature were comparable despite water being produced in the former reaction but not the latter ( figure 3).…”

“…In contrast, the optimal activity temperature for bacterial lipases is between 37°C and 65°C with a majority being at 50-65°C [10,11]. Over the past few years, a large body of work has been reported on reactions catalyzed by plant lipases [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. From an industrial viewpoint, crude plant extracts are readily available and generally are low cost materials.…”

“…Moreover, several plant lipases are obtained as naturally supported crude preparations [16]. Recent work in particular has pointed out that Carica papaya latex exhibits a powerful lipase activity for catalyzing hydrolysis [17,18], esterification [19,20] and interesterification type reactions [18,[21][22][23][24]. Optimal reaction conditions, however, regarding the affect of temperature and level of hydration of the crude enzyme preparation were not reported in detail.…”

Lipases de látex vegetais: propriedades e aplicações industriais

“…Esta enzima foi caracterizada em reação de hidrólise como tipo-seletiva para triacilgliceróis de cadeias curtas, com máxima atividade para a tributirina (1590 +/-33 UI/g) entre triacilgliceróis homogê-neos de 2 a 18 carbonos 26,27 e óleos naturais (oliva, linhaça, copra e girassol -Figura 3) 27 . A temperatura ótima da hidrólise foi de 55 ºC (pH 8,0) e a energia de ativação de Arrhenius foi de 24 Kcal/mol 26 .…”