Lip print pattern: an identification tool

Abstract

Background: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with the identification based on lip traces. Based upon the research, it was established that the arrangement of lines on the red part of human lips is unique for each human being. Objectives: To analyze and compare quadrant wise and sex wise predilection of lip print pattern. Methods: A total of 200 (18-25 years) Nepalese undergraduate students of BPKIHS were selected. Thin layer of lip-stick was applied on the lips of these sub-jects. The hinged por-tion of a folded paper was inserted between the lips and the sub-jects were asked to press their lips onto it. Only middle 10 mm of both upper and lower lips were taken as study area. The lip prints, thus obtained were stud-ied on the basis of Tsuchihashi's classification. Chi square test was used to analyze and compare the lip print patterns in all the quadrants of males and females, with the level of significance p<0.05. Results: Type I pattern was predominant in all the four quadrants among males (62%, 56%, 54%, 57% in first, second, third and fourth quadrants respectively). In female also type I was predominant in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th quadrant (40%, 45%, 51% respectively) whereas in 1 st( right upper) quadrant type II pattern was predominant (37%). Conclusion: Lip print pattern can be used as an additional tool for personal identification and sex determination. Further work on the subject can help to make cheiloscopy a practical reality in the forensic identification process.

Prevalence of Type I Lip Print among Medical Students in a Medical College of Nepal

“…Likewise, studies conducted in Nepal also revealed Type I and II as the most and least common in male and female respectively. 17 But, in our study, even in female, the Type I (29.7%) was still the most common, followed by Type I' (25%), Type II (23.4%), Type IV (9.4%), Type III (7.8%) and Type V (4.7%).…”

“…However, Type I was still the most common in both sexes in this quadrant too. 17 in comparison to a study where to Type II (4%, 10%) was the least and Type III (50%, 38%), the most common in both male and female respectively. 13 In right lower quadrant (RLQ), Type II (31.2%) was the predominating, following which were Type I (30.5%), Type III (21.3%), Type I' (7.1%), Type IV (6.4%) and Type V (3.5%) in male and Type I (42.2%),Type II (25%), Type I' (17.2%), Type III (9.4%), Type IV (4.7%) and Type V (1.6%) in female.…”

“…In another study from Nepal, Type I was found to be the most common in both sexes in. 17 On the contrary, Type I (10%) and Type IV (10%) were the least common whereas Type III (32%, 48%) was the most common in both male and female respectively. 13 In left lower quadrant (LLQ), the order in male was, Type II (34.8%), Type I (27.7%), Type III (22%), Type I' (7.1%), Type IV (5%) and Type V (3.5%) consecutively.…”

Sex Differentiation by Lip Print Analysis in Malays: LipstickCellophane Tape Techniques

“…Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classifications was selected for this research because it was widely used classification in literature [4]. Figure 1 shows six types of lip prints based on its shape and type of grooves in Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification [7].…”

“…Lip prints are considered to be a new method that can adjudicate personal identification in criminal search and genetic studies [2]. Fingerprints and lip prints are permanent and inalterable over time unless there is a pathology which can affect the lips and fingers [3,4]. Cheiloscopy can also be used in gender and races determination [5].…”