Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities

Purschke, Oliver; Sykes, Martin T.; Reitalu, Triin; Poschlod, Peter; Prentice, Honor C.

doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2142-6

Cited by 60 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In the present research, both taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha diversity increased during succession. This is consistent with previous studies which found that taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity increased with successional age either in forest4665 or in herbaceous plant communities20. Interesting, we also found that although the phylogenetic alpha diversity significantly increased with succession, communities of later stages became more phylogenetic clustering.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…To be able to predict ecosystem responses to future disturbance events and environmental changes, we need a better understanding of the processes that govern community assembly, and thus generate biodiversity, during succession19. Theory predicts that, as succession proceeds, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic filtering processes is likely to change20. Species in newly opened areas experience environmental adversity, thus environmental and dispersal filtering are likely to structure early stage development21.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic diversity during a long-term succession of forest on the Loess Plateau, China: insights into assembly process

Chai

Yue

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Quantifying the drivers underlying the distribution of biodiversity during succession is a critical issue in ecology and conservation, and also can provide insights into the mechanisms of community assembly. Ninety plots were established in the Loess Plateau region of northern Shaanxi in China. The taxonomic and phylogenetic (alpha and beta) diversity were quantified within six succession stages. Null models were used to test whether phylogenetic distance observed differed from random expectations. Taxonomic beta diversity did not show a regular pattern, while phylogenetic beta diversity decreased throughout succession. The shrub stage occurred as a transition from phylogenetic overdispersion to clustering either for NRI (Net Relatedness Index) or betaNRI. The betaNTI (Nearest Taxon Index) values for early stages were on average phylogenetically random, but for the betaNRI analyses, these stages were phylogenetically overdispersed. Assembly of woody plants differed from that of herbaceous plants during late community succession. We suggest that deterministic and stochastic processes respectively play a role in different aspects of community phylogenetic structure for early succession stage, and that community composition of late succession stage is governed by a deterministic process. In conclusion, the long-lasting evolutionary imprints on the present-day composition of communities arrayed along the succession gradient.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic diversity during a long-term succession of forest on the Loess Plateau, China: insights into assembly process

Chai

Yue

Liu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Surprisingly, we found no significant evidence of trait convergence at the landscape scale. This lack of convergence suggests that at the landscape scale, the effects of stochastic processes linked to dispersal limitation and landscape structure were more important than effects due to differences in environmental conditions between patches (Purschke et al 2012). In contrast, trait-based species sorting was detectable within a grassland patch, where dispersal limitation can be considered to be negligible.…”

Section: A S S E M B L Y a T B R O A D E R S P A T I A L S C A L E Smentioning

confidence: 80%

“…However, Grime (2006) further predicted that when disturbance (grazing in the present study) ceases, increased competition and competitive exclusion of less competitive species would lead to trait convergence -a prediction not confirmed in our analyses. On the one hand, such competitive exclusion is likely to take time in perennial communities where plant individuals may persist for decades under unfavourable conditions (Helm, Hanski & P€ artel 2006;Purschke et al 2012). In the abandoned grasslands of our study, grazing ceased c. 5-10 years ago and that time period may have been too short to allow turnover of individual plants and the detection of competitive exclusion.…”

Section: I S T U R B a N C E E F F E C T Smentioning

confidence: 83%

Evidence for scale‐ and disturbance‐dependent trait assembly patterns in dry semi‐natural grasslands

et al. 2013

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Summary1. The mechanisms driving nonrandom assembly patterns in plant communities have long been of interest in ecological research. Competing ecological theories predict that coexisting species may either be more functionally dissimilar than expected by chance (with functional 'divergence' mainly reflecting niche differentiation) or be functionally more similar than expected (with functional 'convergence' reflecting either the outcome of environmental filtering or weaker-competitor exclusion effects). Assembly patterns are usually assessed at a single scale and disturbance regime, whereas considering different spatial scales and disturbance regimes may clarify the underlying assembly mechanisms. 2. We tested the prediction that convergence and divergence are scale-and disturbance-dependent in grazed and abandoned species-rich dry grasslands within a 22 km 2 landscape in south-eastern Sweden. Convergence and divergence were tested for plant species' traits and phylogenetic relationships at three nested spatial scales: within 412 plots (50 9 50 cm, divided into 10 9 10 cm subplots), within 117 grassland patches (from 0.02 to 11.63 ha) and within the whole landscape (across patches). 3. At the finest scale (10 9 10 cm subplots within plots), coexisting species were more different than expected by chance (divergence), both functionally and phylogenetically, suggesting niche differentiation. At the intermediate scale (50 9 50 cm plots within patches), coexisting species showed convergence, suggesting environmental filtering. No significant deviations from random expectations were detected at the broadest scale (patches within the 22 km 2 landscape) -suggesting the prevalence of dispersal limitation at this scale. The fact that nonrandom patterns were particularly evident under grazed conditions is consistent with the prediction that assembly patterns are disturbance dependent. 4. Synthesis. This study shows that multiple trait-based assembly processes operate simultaneously in species-rich communities, across spatial scales and disturbance regimes. The results support earlier theoretical predictions that divergence between coexisting species may be an important driver of community assembly, particularly at finer spatial scales, where species compete for the same local resources. In contrast, environmental filtering is expected at broader spatial scales, where species growing in particular environmental conditions share traits that are adaptive under those conditions. Within given habitat types, dispersal limitation may, however, override environmental filtering at increasing spatial scales of observation.

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“…If species diversity in cultivated landscapes is to be maintained and enriched in the future, species will need to be able to disperse from old, species-rich grassland fragments into younger grasslands [10]. Optimization of the spatial distribution of grassland fragments will require information that discriminates between land cover belonging to different stages in the succession from arable fields to old semi-natural grasslands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Grassland Successional Stages Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery

et al. 2014

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Plant communities differ in their species composition, and, thus, also in their functional trait composition, at different stages in the succession from arable fields to grazed grassland. We examine whether aerial hyperspectral (414-2501 nm) remote sensing can be used to discriminate between grazed vegetation belonging to different grassland successional stages. Vascular plant species were recorded in 104.1 m 2 plots on the island of Öland (Sweden) and the functional properties of the plant species recorded in the plots were characterized in terms of the ground-cover of grasses, specific leaf area and Ellenberg indicator values. Plots were assigned to three different grassland age-classes, representing 5-15, 16-50 and >50 years of grazing management. Partial least squares discriminant analysis models were used to compare classifications based on aerial hyperspectral data with the age-class classification. The remote sensing data successfully classified the plots into age-classes: the overall classification accuracy was higher for OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2014, 6 7733 a model based on a pre-selected set of wavebands (85%, Kappa statistic value = 0.77) than one using the full set of wavebands (77%, Kappa statistic value = 0.65). Our results show that nutrient availability and grass cover differences between grassland age-classes are detectable by spectral imaging. These techniques may potentially be used for mapping the spatial distribution of grassland habitats at different successional stages.

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Linking landscape history and dispersal traits in grassland plant communities

Cited by 60 publications

References 55 publications

Patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic diversity during a long-term succession of forest on the Loess Plateau, China: insights into assembly process

Patterns of taxonomic, phylogenetic diversity during a long-term succession of forest on the Loess Plateau, China: insights into assembly process

Evidence for scale‐ and disturbance‐dependent trait assembly patterns in dry semi‐natural grasslands

Classification of Grassland Successional Stages Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery

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