Linking algal growth inhibition to chemical activity: Baseline toxicity required 1% of saturation

Schmidt, Stine Nørgaard; Mayer, Philipp

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.006

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Expression of the chronic data in terms of chemical activities is also presented in Figure 3. The results support the recommendation by Schmidt and Mayer [43] that an activitybased threshold of 0.001 can provide a mechanistic based environmental quality objective for risk screening that includes aromatic hydrocarbons.…”

Section: Comparison Of Test Results With Literature Data and Predictisupporting

confidence: 86%

“…A lower critical target lipid body burden for this 7‐d test is also consistent with lower critical target lipid body burden distribution derived from soil and sediment toxicity datasets that typically involve longer (7–28‐d) exposure durations than standard 48‐h to 96‐h acute tests . Expression of toxicity endpoints in terms of chemical activity for both species indicated EC50s in the range of approximately 0.01 to 0.1 (Tables and ), consistent with the range reported for baseline toxicity .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Chronic toxicity of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to algae and crustaceans using passive dosing

Bragin

Parkerton

Redman

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Because of the large number of possible aromatic hydrocarbon structures, predictive toxicity models are needed to support substance hazard and risk assessments. Calibration and evaluation of such models requires toxicity data with well-defined exposures. The present study has applied a passive dosing method to generate reliable chronic effects data for 8 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia. The observed toxicity of these substances on algal growth rate and neonate production were then compared with available literature toxicity data for these species, as well as target lipid model and chemical activity-based model predictions. The use of passive dosing provided well-controlled exposures that yielded more consistent data sets than attained by past literature studies. Results from the present study, which were designed to exclude the complicating influence of ultraviolet light, were found to be well described by both target lipid model and chemical activity effect models. The present study also found that the lack of chronic effects for high molecular weight PAHs was consistent with the limited chemical activity that could be achieved for these compounds in the aqueous test media. Findings from this analysis highlight that variability in past literature toxicity data for PAHs may be complicated by both poorly controlled exposures and photochemical processes that can modulate both exposure and toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2948-2957. © 2016 SETAC.

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Section: Comparison Of Test Results With Literature Data and Predictisupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Chronic toxicity of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to algae and crustaceans using passive dosing

Bragin

Parkerton

Redman

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Firstly, baseline toxicity is assumed to initiate in the chemical activity range of 0.01-0.1, which corresponds to 1-10% of (subcooled) liquid solubility Schmidt and Mayer, 2015). We report an La 50 of 0.047, which is in this range (for detailed calculations, see Appendix).…”

Section: Effect Values Were Within Ranges Expected For Baseline Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A high throughput passive dosing format for the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test

et al. 2015

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High throughput testing according to the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test (OECD Testing Guideline 236) is usually conducted in well plates. In the case of hydrophobic test substances, sorptive and evaporative losses often result in declining and poorly controlled exposure conditions. Therefore, our objective was to improve exposure conditions in FET tests by evaluating a passive dosing format using silicone O-rings in standard 24-well polystyrene plates. We exposed zebrafish embryos to a series of phenanthrene concentrations until 120h post fertilization (hpf), and obtained a linear dilution series. We report effect values for both mortality and sublethal morphological effects based on (1) measured exposure concentrations, (2) (lipid normalized) body residues and (3) chemical activity. The LC50 for 120hpf was 310μg/L, CBR50 (critical body residue) was 2.72mmol/kg fresh wt and La50 (lethal chemical activity) was 0.047. All values were within ranges expected for baseline toxicity. Impaired swim bladder inflation was the most pronounced morphological effect and swimming activity was reduced in all exposure concentrations. Further analysis showed that the effect on swimming activity was not attributed to impaired swim bladder inflation, but rather to baseline toxicity. We conclude that silicone O-rings (1) produce a linear dilution series of phenanthrene in the 120hpf FET test, (2) generate and maintain aqueous concentrations for reliable determination of effect concentrations, and allow for obtaining mechanistic toxicity information, and (3) cause no toxicity, demonstrating its potential as an extension of the FET test when testing hydrophobic chemicals.

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“…The selected studies indicate that chemical activity ranges between 0.05 to 1 for NOECs and from 0.02 to 0.15 for LOAELs (Figure B). The range of abiotic chemical activities of 0.02 to 1 associated with in vivo NOECs and LOAELs is similar to the biotic activity range of 0.01 to 1 associated with nonpolar narcosis . At first glance, this may indicate that DEHP causes biological responses through a nonspecific mode of action similar to nonpolar narcotics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Chemical activity–based environmental risk analysis of the plasticizer di‐ethylhexyl phthalate and its main metabolite mono‐ethylhexyl phthalate

Gobas

Otton

Tupper-Ring

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study applies a chemical activity-based approach to: 1) evaluate environmental concentrations of di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP; n = 23 651) and its metabolite mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; n = 1232) in 16 environmental media from 1174 studies in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia, and in vivo toxicity data from 934 studies in 20 species, as well as in vitro biological activity data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Toxicity Forecaster and other sources; and 2) conduct a comprehensive environmental risk analysis. The results show that the mean chemical activities of DEHP and MEHP in abiotic environmental samples from locations around the globe are 0.001 and 10 , respectively. This indicates that DEHP has reached on average 0.1% of saturation in the abiotic environment. The mean chemical activity of DEHP in biological samples is on average 100-fold lower than that in abiotic samples, likely because of biotransformation of DEHP in biota. Biological responses in both in vivo and in vitro tests occur at chemical activities between 0.01 to 1 for DEHP and between approximately 10 and 10 for MEHP, suggesting a greater potency of MEHP compared with DEHP. Chemical activities of both DEHP and MEHP in biota samples were less than those causing biological responses in the in vitro bioassays, without exception. A small fraction of chemical activities of DEHP in abiotic environmental samples (i.e., 4-8%) and none (0%) for MEHP were within the range of chemical activities associated with observed toxicological responses in the in vivo tests. The present study illustrates the chemical activity approach for conducting risk analyses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1483-1492. © 2016 SETAC.

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Linking algal growth inhibition to chemical activity: Baseline toxicity required 1% of saturation

Cited by 30 publications

References 22 publications

Chronic toxicity of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to algae and crustaceans using passive dosing

Chronic toxicity of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to algae and crustaceans using passive dosing

A high throughput passive dosing format for the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test

Chemical activity–based environmental risk analysis of the plasticizer di‐ethylhexyl phthalate and its main metabolite mono‐ethylhexyl phthalate

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