Link between Lipid Second Messengers and Osmotic Stress in Plants

Abstract

Plants are subject to different types of stress, which consequently affect their growth and development. They have developed mechanisms for recognizing and processing an extracellular signal. Second messengers are transient molecules that modulate the physiological responses in plant cells under stress conditions. In this sense, it has been shown in various plant models that membrane lipids are substrates for the generation of second lipid messengers such as phosphoinositide, phosphatidic acid, sphingolipids, and lysophospholipids. In recent years, research on lipid second messengers has been moving toward using genetic and molecular approaches to reveal the molecular setting in which these molecules act in response to osmotic stress. In this sense, these studies have established that second messengers can transiently recruit target proteins to the membrane and, therefore, affect protein conformation, activity, and gene expression. This review summarizes recent advances in responses related to the link between lipid second messengers and osmotic stress in plant cells.

Proteomics approach to investigating osmotic stress effects on pistachio

“…Phospholipase D is a most important enzyme involved in hydrolyzing membrane phospholipids, leading to generate phosphatidic acid which act as a signaling molecule so that promotes stomatal closure under osmotic stress ( Saucedo-García et al., 2015 ; Rodas-Junco et al., 2021 ). Many evidences illustrate that PLD has an important role in plant tolerance under stress ( Ji et al., 2018 ; Alferez et al., 2019 ; Gnanaraj et al., 2021 ; Wei et al., 2022 ) and adjust plant defense response to osmotic stress ( Liu et al., 2021 ; Liu et al., 2022 ; Hong et al, 2008 ).…”

GC–MS based untargeted metabolomics reveals the metabolic response of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) after chronic combinatorial exposure to three different pesticides

“…Myo-inositol, an organic osmolyte, is vital in maintaining osmotic balance and functions as a secondary messenger in cells 51 , 52 . Its phosphate derivatives have several functions, including synthesizing membrane phospholipids, signal transduction, metabolic flux and transcription, mRNA export, and translation 53 .…”

Phospholipids in Salt Stress Response

“…The [Ca 2+ ] cyt signal in animal cells is induced by IP 3 , while in plant cells, it is reported that IP 6 also mobilizes intracellular Ca 2+ , thereby inducing the [Ca 2+ ] cyt signal [7,145,146]. The accumulation of PI(4,5)P 2 and PI(3,5)P 2 during salt stress, and further [Ca 2+ ] cyt signal production can be a strategy for plant salt tolerance.…”