Linearization of the sensors characteristics: a review

Islam, Tarikul; Mukhopadhyay, Subhas Chandra

doi:10.21307/ijssis-2019-007

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…It, therefore, became possible to perform an accurate measurement, which, as more explicitly shown in the next section, harvested ensemble information from the network as a whole. This offered an issue of calibration, which implied determining a response function and its fitting parameters, as elaborated in other works on distributed and traditional sensing: here, the challenge could be addressed straightforwardly by fitting a sigmoidal curve [57], [58].…”

Section: ) Relevance and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

et al. 2020

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Emerging applications across environmental, biomedical, and structural monitoring require the measurement of physical variables over extended regions. Because addressing many sensors individually can result in impractical bandwidth and power requirements, there is a need for distributed sensing approaches wherein readouts are obtained directly at the ensemble level. In turn, this generally requires sensor nodes capable of interacting with each other to implement the required readout statistic. Here, the first practical steps towards approaching this challenge via a nonlinear analog approach based on chaotic synchronization are presented. Namely, single-transistor oscillators, representing remarkably low-complexity yet highlyflexible entities, are experimentally found to be suitable for wireless coupling via mutual induction, realizing a simple form of telemetry for luminous flux. Via numerical simulations and numerous laboratory experiments, a rich repertoire of possible interactions among multiple sensor nodes and between the same and an external exciter is demonstrated, encompassing synchronization, desynchronization, relay effects, and chaotic transitions. Together, these results reveal the possibility and means of accurately estimating the average of a distributed physical magnitude from the complexity of ensemble dynamics. This new approach contributes an important blueprint for future work using simple chaotic circuits in sensing applications.

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Section: ) Relevance and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

et al. 2020

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“…Papers 11,15 give a good comparative analysis of the application of a wider group of methods including fuzzy logic, in addition to the already mentioned. The paper 11 specifically compares the methods on the example of a given characteristic of an optical distance sensor and using a low-power microcontroller, showing that ANN and fuzzy methods are not appropriate in this case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper 15 gives a very detailed comparative summary of sensor characteristics linearization, including various sensors and methods, starting from hardware methods to software methods, emphasizing the advantage of software methods, especially for thermocouples. The hardware implementation of the piece-wise method is also considered here, as well as in the papers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-stage segment linearization as part of the thermocouple measurement chain

Živanović

Simić

2021

Measurement and Control

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An implementation of a two-stage piece-wise linearization method for reduction of the thermocouple approximation error is presented in the paper. First, the whole thermocouple measurement chain of a transducer is described, and possible error is analysed to define the required level of accuracy for linearization of the transfer characteristics. Evaluation of linearization functions and analysis of approximation errors are performed by the virtual instrumentation software package LabVIEW. The method is appropriate for thermocouples and other sensors where nonlinearity varies a lot over the range of input values. The basic principle of this method is to first transform the abscissa of the transfer function by a linear segment look-up table in such a way that significantly nonlinear parts of the input range are expanded before a standard piece-wise linearization. In this way, applying equal-segment linearization two times has a similar effect to non-equal-segment linearization. For a given examples of the thermocouple transfer functions, the suggested method provides significantly better reduction of the approximation error, than the standard segment linearization, with equal memory consumption for look-up tables. The simple software implementation of this two-stage linearization method allows it to be applied in low calculation power microcontroller measurement transducers, as a replacement of the standard piece-wise linear approximation method.

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“…Different methods for the nonlinearity compensation of a sensor static transfer function were proposed and classified into three major groups: analog, digital, and mixed-mode [5], [6]. The classification is based on whether the linearization is performed before, after, or during analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion of the sensor output signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-mode Method Used for Pt100 Static Transfer Function Linearization

Jovanović

Denić

2021

Measurement Science Review

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Pt100 is a resistance temperature detector characterized by a relatively linear resistance/temperature relationship in a narrow temperature range. However, the Pt100 sensor shows a certain degree of static transfer function nonlinearity of 4.42 % in the range between −200 °C and 850 °C, which is unacceptable for some applications. As a solution to this problem, a mixed-mode linearization method based on a special dual-stage piecewise linear ADC design is proposed in this paper. The first stage of the proposed dual-stage piecewise linear ADC is performed with a low-complex and low-power flash ADC of a novel sequential design. The novelty of the proposed sequential design is reflected in the fact that the number of employed comparators is equal to the flash ADC resolution. The second stage is performed with a delta-sigma ADC with a differential input and differential reference. Using the 6-bit flash ADC of novel design and the 24-bit delta-sigma ADC, the nonlinearity error is reduced to 2.6·10−3 %, in the range between −200 °C and 850 °C. Two more ranges are examined, and the following results are obtained: in the range between 0 °C and 500 °C, the nonlinearity error is reduced from 1.99 % to 5·10−4 %, while in the range between −50 °C and 150 °C, the nonlinearity error is reduced from 0.755 % to 2.15·10−4 %.

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Linearization of the sensors characteristics: a review

Cited by 24 publications

References 106 publications

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

Distributed Sensing Via Inductively Coupled Single-Transistor Chaotic Oscillators: A New Approach and Its Experimental Proof-of-Concept

Two-stage segment linearization as part of the thermocouple measurement chain

Mixed-mode Method Used for Pt100 Static Transfer Function Linearization

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