Linear and non-linear optical properties of 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles supported by a catalyst-free SiO2 sonogel network

Optical Properties of Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Materials and their Applications

“…The use of sonogel was mentioned by Morales-Saavedra et al as an alternative to avoid the use of acidic or basic catalyst and thus preserve the integrity of the dyes. [360,361] In the case of the use of catalysts, neutralization of the sol after hydrolysis allowed insertion of sensitive dyes into the silica system. [279,298,300] In connection with the pH control, the loading capacity of the glass Figure 29.…”

Preparation and optical and electrical evaluation of bulk SiO2 sonogel hybrid composites and vacuum thermal evaporated thin films prepared from molecular materials derived from (Fe, Co) metallic phthalocyanines and 1,8 dihydroxiantraquinone compounds

“…In fact, according to previously published reports [11,15,16], solutions of dopants in THF are better incorporated into the CF-sonogel network, since the S 4 geometry of TEOS implies a zero dipolar moment and would not accept the inclusion of highly polar THFbased dissolutions. The OH-TEOS group is by contrast highly polar and provides an optimal environment for molecules dissolved in THF.…”

Preparation of Fullerene (C60) Based SiO2 Sonogel Hybrid Composites: UV Laser Induced Photo-Polymerization, Morphological, and Optical Properties

“…The diffusion process seems to be enough to fabricate suitable C 60 based SiO 2 sol-gel samples for optical characterization as has been proven by Zerda et al 35 Although the resulting bulk hybrids possess higher purity compared to other traditional synthesized sol-gel hybrid composites and exhibit good monolith structures, the geometrical shape is no longer preserved as compared to hybrid samples prepared by the sonogel route with THF (tetrahydrofuran)-dopant based solutions. [26][27][28][29] This is due to the low diffusion speed of fullerenes within the SiO 2 based sonogel network; 35 we believe that increasing the drying time of the samples by controlling the temperature environment will produce homogeneous C 60 -doped cylindrical sonogel samples. Otherwise, the slow diffusion of fullerenes taking place in different parts of the drying samples in a randomly way, will lead to the formation of different bulk samples of irregular geometrical shapes (typical surface dimensions and thickness obtained for our samples were in the range of 8-25 mm 2 and 0.8-3.0 mm, respectively).…”

“…This new approach has been recently developed in our research group and successfully implemented to develop several hybrid composites for optical applications. [25][26][27][28][29] The sonogel materials obtained by this method exhibit an amorphous SiO 2 -matrix with large surface areas, high purity level and nanometric porosity; which provides a favorable environment for the inclusion of interesting organic compounds with optical functions. In order to generate CF-sonogel materials, energetic pulsed ultrasonic waves, instead of acidic and basic catalysts, are applied at the TEOS/H 2 O (tetraethylortosilicate/three-distilled water) reactants interface to produce acoustical cavitation.…”