1994
DOI: 10.1007/bf02541423
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Linear alkylbenzene

Abstract: Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) was introduced in the mid‐1960s as a raw material for cleaning products. Since then, continuing and explosive research on its biodegradation and on its environmental and human toxicity has been performed. The efficiency of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate as surfactant is clearly established, and it is one of the safest and most cost‐effective products in widespread commercial use. The aim of the present paper is to survey the most important developments and understandings of the chemist… Show more

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Cited by 112 publications
(85 citation statements)
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“…41, 42 The mechanism of this type of catalytic alkylation implies the participation of carbocations and acidic sites. Such a mechanism is rather unexpected under present conditions, although the carboxylic moieties may form acidic OH groups on metallic or support surface sites after adsorption of the acidic function under the form of carboxylate species.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…41, 42 The mechanism of this type of catalytic alkylation implies the participation of carbocations and acidic sites. Such a mechanism is rather unexpected under present conditions, although the carboxylic moieties may form acidic OH groups on metallic or support surface sites after adsorption of the acidic function under the form of carboxylate species.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…From the 6 million metric tons of surfactants produced all over the world in 1994, almost 2.4 million tons correspond to LAS [1]. Commercially available LAS are mixtures of secondary isomers, with a alkyl chain lengths of 10-13 carbon atoms.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Quando o ácido fluorídrico é utilizado como catalisador, o percentual dos isômeros em cada homólogo é quase equivalente (17 a 20%); e quando o cloreto de alumínio é utilizado, são produzidos, majoritariamente, os isômeros 2-fenil (2Ø) (30%), seguido do 3Ø (20%) e decrescendo gradualmente para os isômeros 4Ø a 6Ø (15 a 16%). 1,3 O maior consumo doméstico de LAS tem provocado o aumento das suas concentrações em esgotos sanitários (1 a 15 mg L -1 ) que chegam nas estações de tratamento (ETE) ou nas águas de rio, bem como nos lodos de ETE (<1 a 10 g kg -1 de matéria seca) e nos sedimentos de rio (< 0,001 a 0,005 g kg -1 de matéria seca). Concentrações de LAS maiores que 0,27 mg L -1 em água ou 0,035 g kg -1 de matéria seca em lodos e sedimentos têm efeito tóxico nos ecossistemas aquático e terrestre.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…O produto comercial é uma mistura de homólogos e isômeros de posição com cadeias lineares contendo de 10 a 14 átomos de carbono e foi introduzido no mercado como substituto biodegradável do alquilbenzeno sulfonato (ABS -alkylbenzene sulfonate). 1,2 O LAS é produzido pela sulfonação do alquilbenzeno linear (LAB -linear alkylbenzene), obtido pela alquilação de Friedel Crafts. Neste processo são usados diferentes catalisadores, alterando o percentual dos isômeros e, consequentemente, a viscosidade, a solubilidade e a aplicação do produto final.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified