Line-of-Sight Discovery in 3D Using Highly Directional Transceivers

Khan, Mahmudur; Bhunia, Suman; Yüksel, Murat; Kane, Lawrence C.

doi:10.1109/tmc.2018.2885061

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Some algorithms perform neighbor discovery based on scanning 26–30 . The basic idea of these algorithms is to complete neighbor discovery for all nodes in a limited time by designing suitable sequences of nodes, which can be collectively referred to as a scan‐based algorithm (SBA).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional scan‐based algorithm for directional neighbor discovery in ad hoc networks

Lan

Liu

Wang³

et al. 2023

Int J Communication

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In recent years, neighbor discovery techniques using directional antennas have attracted widespread attention. Most currently available directional neighbor discovery techniques are designed based on two-dimensional (2D) space. Although these algorithms can accomplish the discovery between nodes, the algorithm portability is poor for three-dimensional (3D) platforms, and the application scenarios are limited since new communication scenarios such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) groups and maritime fleets emerge where information needs to be delivered in real time and nodes are located in 3D space. This paper proposes a new deterministic directional neighbor discovery algorithm in 3D space named 3D scan-based algorithm (3D-SBA) to meet the needs of the line-of-sight (LOS) scenes. Four existing neighbor discovery algorithms, namely, SBA-based random mode selection (SBA-R), quorum, complete random algorithm (CRA), and SBA-based leader election algorithm (LE), have been extended to our proposed 3D algorithm model for simulation and comparative analysis with 3D-SBA. The simulation results show that the 3D-SBA algorithm consumes 51.15%, 180.20%, 9.48%, and 17.49% of the time slots compared with the four existing algorithms mentioned above. However, the quorum algorithm has a very high node collision rate, up to 92.11%.Ultimately, the 3D-SBA algorithm has the best performance considering the conflicts and the density of network nodes.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional scan‐based algorithm for directional neighbor discovery in ad hoc networks

Lan

Liu

Wang³

et al. 2023

Int J Communication

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“…However, the works in [28], [29] ignore the random fluctuations of UAVs and assume a perfect beam alignment between transceivers. Obviously, because of the random fluctuations as well as strict payload limitations for employing antenna stabilizers, careful alignment is not practically feasible in aerial links (particularly, for small multi-rotor UAVs) which leads to an unreliable communication system due to antenna gain mismatch between transceivers [9], [30].…”

Section: A Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, by increasing the number of antenna elements, the array gain at the center of the beam (main-lobe) becomes narrower and stronger which results in higher SNR values at the cost of higher sensitivity to the beam deviations. To facilitate analysis of such systems, for both links, the SNR distributions as a function of N are captured in (9), and (23), respectively. Moreover, Figs.…”

Section: A Accuracy Of the Derived Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in order to fully exploit the benefit of mmWave frequencies, the receiver must be placed within the line-of-sight (LoS) of the transmitter [8]. Due to the impracticality of establishing long LoS links, especially in dense urban environments, UAVs equipped with mmWave capabilities are able to provide on-the-fly communications and establish reliable LoS links between each other and also the ground station [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Channel Models for Millimeter Wave UAV Networks Under Hovering Fluctuations

Dabiri

Safi

Parsaeefard

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

143

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The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless systems has been recently proposed to provide high data rate aerial links for next generation wireless networks. However, establishing UAVbased mmWave links is quite challenging due to the random fluctuations of hovering UAVs which can induce antenna gain mismatch between transmitter and receiver. To assess the benefit of UAV-based mmWave links, in this paper, tractable, closedform statistical channel models are derived for three UAV communication scenarios: (i) a direct UAV-to-UAV link, (ii) an aerial relay link in which source, relay, and destination are hovering UAVs, and (iii) a relay link in which a hovering UAV connects a ground source to a ground destination. The accuracy of the derived analytical expressions is corroborated by performing Monte-Carlo simulations. Numerical results are then used to study the effect of antenna directivity gain under different channel conditions for establishing reliable UAV-based mmWave links in terms of achieving minimum outage probability. It is shown that the performance of such links is largely dependent on the random fluctuations of hovering UAVs. Moreover, higher antenna directivity gains achieve better performance at low SNR regime. Nevertheless, at the high SNR regime, lower antenna directivity gains result in a more reliable communication link. The developed results can therefore be applied as a benchmark for finding the optimal antenna directivity gain of UAVs under the different levels of instability without resorting to time-consuming simulations.

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“…The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Yanjiao Chen . as turbulence, scattering, and absorbtion [8]. Therefore, some researchers combine the advantages of RF and FSO technologies and design hybrid RF/FSO links in practice [9]- [11]. Encouraged by their designs, we construct a hybrid RF/FSO MCMR WMN architecture and solve its resource allocation (RA) problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Allocation for Hybrid RF/FSO Multi-Channel Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks

Zhao

Shi

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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The overwhelming data rates in next generation wireless networks impose a burden on the high-capacity network planning. One promising strategy to meet the demand for high-capacity communications is to augment radio frequency (RF) based multi-channel multi-radio (MCMR) wireless mesh network (WMN) by free-space optics (FSO). In this paper, we construct a hybrid RF/FSO MCMR WMN topology and address its resource allocation (RA) problem in terms of interface assignment, channel allocation, routing, FSO link allocation, and topology control. Considering the weather effects on FSO link availability and the fading nature of RF links, the RA problem is formulated as a two-stage optimization problem with the objective of maximizing the network throughput. In our optimization model, we formulate each stage as a mixed integer linear program, and the bottleneck RF links are gradually upgraded by FSO links. To avoid the computational complexity of the second stage optimization, an improved iterated local search algorithm is proposed. Simulation results show that our RA scheme is efficient and the throughput can be enhanced dramatically by proper FSO link augmentation. INDEX TERMSResource allocation, multi-channel multi-radio, hybrid RF/FSO networks, wireless mesh networks, mixed integer linear program.

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Line-of-Sight Discovery in 3D Using Highly Directional Transceivers

Cited by 14 publications

References 29 publications

Three‐dimensional scan‐based algorithm for directional neighbor discovery in ad hoc networks

Three‐dimensional scan‐based algorithm for directional neighbor discovery in ad hoc networks

Analytical Channel Models for Millimeter Wave UAV Networks Under Hovering Fluctuations

Resource Allocation for Hybrid RF/FSO Multi-Channel Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks

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