LINE‐1 retrotransposons in healthy and diseased human brain

Suarez, Nicole A.; Macia, Ángela; Muotri, Alysson R.

doi:10.1002/dneu.22567

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 250 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…The retrotransposons in Class I can be mainly divided into three groups of TEs, including LINE, LTR and SINE; and each group contains several subgroups. Retrotransposons, particularly L1, Copia, DIRS, ERV1, Gypsy, Pao, Alu and so on, are the easiest ones to be annotated, which are also the most abundant transposons in fungi (Suarez et al . 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequence of an edible and potential medicinal fungus, Cordyceps guangdongensis

Zhang

Deng

Yan

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequence of an edible and potential medicinal fungus, Cordyceps guangdongensis

Zhang

Deng

Yan

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Although, in some cases, transposon activation is known to cause genetic disorders and autoimmune reactions (44), however, they also play important "positive" roles in adult and developing tissues. For example, in mammalian neurogenesis retrotransposition activity of LINE-1 elements contributes to neuronal diversity (45,46). We have also recently shown that retrotransposons are differentially expressed in the sea cucumber neural regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Active Notch Signaling is Required for Arm Regeneration in a Brittle Star

Mashanov

Akiona

Khoury

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Cell signaling pathways play vital roles in coordinating cellular events in development. For example, the Notch signaling pathway is highly conserved across all multicellular animals and is known to coordinate a multitude of diverse cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, fate specification, and cell death. Specific functions of the pathway are, however, highly context-dependent and are not well characterized in post-traumatic regeneration. Here, we use a small-molecule inhibitor of the pathway (DAPT) to demonstrate that Notch signaling is required for proper arm regeneration in the brittle star Ophioderma brevispina, a highly regenerative member of the phylum Echinodermata. We also employ a transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis to characterize the downstream genes controlled by the Notch pathway in the brittle star regeneration. We demonstrate that arm regeneration involves an extensive crosstalk between the Notch pathway and other cell signaling pathways. In the regrowing arm, Notch regulates the composition of the extracellular matrix, cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as components of the innate immune response. We also show for the first time that Notch signaling regulates the activity of several transposable elements. Our data also suggests that one of the possible mechanisms through which Notch sustains its activity in the regenerating tissues is via suppression of Neuralized1.

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“…For a long time, it was believed that all somatic cells completely suppressed L1 activity by DNA methylation with patterns established during early gastrulation (Bestor and Bourc'his, ), differently from germinal cells which during gametogenesis could be permissive (Branciforte and Martin, ; Brouha et al ., ; Georgiou et al ., ). Currently, the conceptual model of L1 activity in the host somatic cell has changed in light of subsequent discoveries: (1) the detection of L1 activity, both in various types of cancer cells (Iskow et al ., ; Lee et al ., ; Tubio et al ., ) and in aging/senescent cells (De Cecco et al ., , , ); (2) the finding that healthy somatic cells can become permissive to L1 activity during certain developmental windows, including early embryogenesis (Prak et al ., ; Muotri et al ., ) and neurogenesis (Richardson et al ., ; Suarez et al ., ); (3) the observation that L1‐RTP occurs in cells responding to several environmental stresses (Ishizaka et al ., ; Ade et al ., ; Horváth et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long INterspersed element‐1 mobility as a sensor of environmental stresses

Giorgi

2020

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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Long INterspersed element (LINE-1, L1) retrotransposons are the most abundant transposable elements in the human genome, constituting approximately 17%. They move by a "copy-paste" mechanism, involving reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate and insertion of its cDNA copy at a new site in the genome. L1 retrotransposition (L1-RTP) can cause insertional mutations, alter gene expression, transduce exons, and induce epigenetic dysregulation. L1-RTP is generally repressed; however, a number of observations collected over about 15 years revealed that it can occur in response to environmental stresses. Moreover, emerging evidence indicates that L1-RTP can play a role in the onset of several neurological and oncological diseases in humans. In recent years, great attention has been paid to the exposome paradigm, which proposes that health effects of an environmental factor should be evaluated considering both cumulative environmental exposures and the endogenous processes resulting from the biological response. L1-RTP could be an endogenous process considered for this application. Here, we summarize the current understanding of environmental factors that can affect the retrotransposition of human L1 elements. Evidence indicates that L1-RTP alteration is triggered by numerous and various environmental stressors, such as chemical agents (heavy metals, carcinogens, oxidants, and drugs), physical agents (ionizing and non-ionizing radiations), and experiential factors (voluntary exercise, social isolation, maternal care, and environmental light/dark cycles). These data come from in vitro studies on cell lines and in vivo studies on transgenic animals: future investigations should be focused on physiologically relevant models to gain a better understanding of this topic.

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LINE‐1 retrotransposons in healthy and diseased human brain

Cited by 70 publications

References 250 publications

Whole genome sequence of an edible and potential medicinal fungus, Cordyceps guangdongensis

Whole genome sequence of an edible and potential medicinal fungus, Cordyceps guangdongensis

Active Notch Signaling is Required for Arm Regeneration in a Brittle Star

Long INterspersed element‐1 mobility as a sensor of environmental stresses

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