Lindane Neurotoxicity in Childhood

Singal, Anjum; Thami, Gurvinder P.

doi:10.1097/01.mjt.0000212707.81034.c6

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3 Upon exposure, the nervous system is among the most vulnerable targets for OC insecticides. 12 This holds in particular for the developing nervous system, 32 and it is therefore concerning that dieldrin has been detected in almost 99% of all samples of breast milk (for review see: ref 11). Moreover, perinatal exposure to OC insecticides is related to persistent changes in the dopaminergic system 13 and the development of PD later in life.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Insecticides Lindane and Dieldrin and Their Binary Mixture Disturb Calcium Homeostasis in Dopaminergic PC12 Cells

Heusinkveld

Westerink

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Current hypotheses link long-term environmental exposure of humans to persistent organochlorine (OC) insecticides lindane (HCH) and dieldrin (HEOD) to the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Primary adverse neurological effects of these insecticides are directed at inhibition of GABA(A) and glycine receptors, although GABA-independent effects have also been reported. In this paper we describe the effect of dieldrin and a binary mixture of dieldrin and lindane on a critical parameter of neuronal function and survival, i.e., intracellular calcium homeostasis. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) has been monitored using real-time single-cell fluorescence microscopy in dopaminergic PC12 cells loaded with the calcium-sensitive dye Fura-2. The results demonstrate that nanomolar concentrations of dieldrin time- and concentration-dependently inhibit depolarization-evoked influx of Ca(2+). Co-exposure of PC12 cells to a mixture of dieldrin and lindane revealed an additive inhibition of the depolarization-evoked increase in [Ca(2+)](i), whereas the lindane-induced increase in basal [Ca(2+)](i) is inhibited by dieldrin. The combined findings indicate that dieldrin and binary mixtures of organochlorines affect [Ca(2+)](i) already at concentrations below commonly accepted effect concentrations and close to human internal dose levels. Consequently, current findings illustrate the need to take mixtures of OC insecticides into account in human risk assessment.

show abstract

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Insecticides Lindane and Dieldrin and Their Binary Mixture Disturb Calcium Homeostasis in Dopaminergic PC12 Cells

Heusinkveld

Westerink

2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Initially, lindane, the most effective scabicide approved in Switzerland, was used for preemptive treatment. However, it is contraindicated for children less than 3 years of age, because of potential neurotoxicity 21 ; this may have delayed treatment and decreased compliance. To our knowledge, our study is the first to show that the infestation of small children by S. scabiei is a key factor in healthcare-related outbreaks with scabies, thus explaining reinfestation within families.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scabies Outbreak in an Intensive Care Unit with 1,659 Exposed Individuals—Key Factors for Controlling the Outbreak

Buehlmann

Beltraminelli²,

Strub³

et al. 2009

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE. To investigate a large outbreak of scabies in an intensive care unit of a university hospital and an affiliated rehabilitation center, and to establish effective control measures to prevent further transmission. DESIGN. Outbreak investigation.SETTING. The intensive care unit of a 750-bed university hospital and an affiliated 92-bed rehabilitation center.METHODS. All exposed individuals were screened by a senior staff dermatologist. Scabies was diagnosed on the basis of (1) identification of mites by skin scraping, (2) identification of mites by dermoscopy, or (3) clinical examination of patients without history of prior treatment for typical burrows. During a follow-up period of 6 months, the attack rate was calculated as the number of symptomatic individuals divided by the total number of exposed individuals.INTERVENTIONS. All exposed healthcare workers (HCWs) and their household members underwent preemptive treatment. Initially, the most effective registered drug in Switzerland (ie, topical lindane) was prescribed, but this prescribption was switched to topical permethrin or systemic ivermectin as a result of the progression of the outbreak. Individuals with any signs or symptoms of scabies underwent dermatological examination.RESULTS. Within 7 months, 19 cases of scabies were diagnosed, 6 in children with a mean age of 3.1 years after exposure to the index patient with HIV and crusted scabies. A total of 1,640 exposed individuals underwent preemptive treatment. The highest attack rate of 26%-32% was observed among HCWs involved in the care of the index patient. A too-restricted definition of individuals at risk, noncompliance with treatment, and the limited effectiveness of lindane likely led to treatment failure, relapse, and reinfestation within families.CONCLUSIONS. Crusted scabies resulted in high attack rates among HCWs and household contacts. Timely institution of hygienic precautions with close monitoring and widespread, simultaneous scabicide treatment of all exposed individuals are essential for control of an outbreak.

show abstract

“…42 A class of hexachlorocyclohexane is a well-known neurotoxin, although most experimental studies have been performed with c-hexachlorocyclohexane. 43 Thus, the inverse associations of HCH with LD or ADD may be strange. We think that these inverse associations may be due to complicated interactions among chemical mixtures with similar pathways when simultaneous exposure occurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants with the prevalence of learning disability and attention deficit disorder

Lee

Jacobs

Porta

2007

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lindane Neurotoxicity in Childhood

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Organochlorine Insecticides Lindane and Dieldrin and Their Binary Mixture Disturb Calcium Homeostasis in Dopaminergic PC12 Cells

Organochlorine Insecticides Lindane and Dieldrin and Their Binary Mixture Disturb Calcium Homeostasis in Dopaminergic PC12 Cells

Scabies Outbreak in an Intensive Care Unit with 1,659 Exposed Individuals—Key Factors for Controlling the Outbreak

Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants with the prevalence of learning disability and attention deficit disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About