Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants with the prevalence of learning disability and attention deficit disorder

Lee, Dong Hoon; Jacobs, David R.; Porta, Miquel

doi:10.1136/jech.2006.054700

Cited by 70 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Recently, children who had high serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants were also found to be more likely to have attention-deficit disorder. 40 Adipose tissue is not inert, 41 but synthesizes leptin according to fat stores and signals metabolic status to the brain. Both in non-pregnant and pregnant states, increasing BMI is related to increasing levels of leptin 42 and is related to pathology with increased levels seen in pre-eclamptic and diabetic women.…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal adiposity prior to pregnancy is associated with ADHD symptoms in offspring: evidence from three prospective pregnancy cohorts

et al. 2007

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Objectives: We examine whether pregnancy weight (pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and/or weight gain) is related to core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age offspring. Design: Follow-up of prospective pregnancy cohorts from Sweden, Denmark and Finland within the Nordic Network on ADHD. Methods: Maternal pregnancy and delivery data were collected prospectively. Teachers rated inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in offspring. High scores were defined as at least one core symptom rated as 'severe' and two as 'present' (approximately 10% of children scored in this range). Logistic regression and latent class analyses were used to examine maternal pregnancy weight in relation to children's ADHD core symptoms. Results: Teacher rated 12 556 school-aged children. Gestational weight gain outside of the Institute of Medicine guidelines was not related to ADHD symptoms (below recommendations: odds ratio (OR): 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 1.14; above recommendations: OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.16). To examine various patterns of pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain, we used latent class analysis and found significant associations between classes that included pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity and a high ADHD symptom score in offspring, ORs ranged between 1.37 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.75) and 1.89 (95% CI: 1.13, 3.15) adjusted for gestational age, birth weight, weight gain, pregnancy smoking, maternal age, maternal education, child gender, family structure and cohort country of origin. Children of women who were both overweight and gained a large amount of weight during gestation had a 2-fold risk of ADHD symptoms (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.72) compared to normal-weight women. Conclusions: We show for the first time that pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with ADHD symptoms in children. Our results are of public health significance if the associations are causal and will then add ADHD symptoms in offspring to the list of deleterious outcomes related to overweight and obesity in the prenatal period.

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Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal adiposity prior to pregnancy is associated with ADHD symptoms in offspring: evidence from three prospective pregnancy cohorts

et al. 2007

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“…The Faroe Islands study found associations be tween PCBs and attention measured by the Continuous Performance Test among children aged 7 years only in the context of high mercury exposure, suggesting a potential interaction between these contaminants [34]. Conversely, the study by Lee et al [35] among 278 children aged 12-15 years did not find a link between the cur rent child PCB levels and the attention deficit disorder.…”

Section: Criteria Of the Selection Of Studies To The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In addition, studies found that ex posure to PCBs can be linked with a longer, more variant response time, impairment of response inhibition [31][32][33], poorer concentration and verbal, pictorial and auditory working memory [30] and attention problems [34]. Only one study did not find an association between ADHD and ADHD-like behaviors and PCBs exposure [35]. 24 Conversely, Nicolescu et al [41] did not find a signifi cant association between concurrent mercury levels and ADHD symptom scores in a cross-sectional study of Romanian children.…”

Section: Criteria Of the Selection Of Studies To The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…PCBs can dis rupt dopaminergic functions, as reflected in alterations in dopamine levels in the cell culture and in the brains of laboratory animals [26,27]; this is one possible mechanism whereby PCBs may affect attention-related behaviors, since decreases in cellular dopamine have been correlated with attention disorders such as ADHD [28]. A number of epidemiological studies, which assess the neuropsychological consequences of exposure to PCBs, have been performed over the last 11 years [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] ( Table 2). Only two studies have examined the asso ciation between cord PCBs and organochlorine pesti cides (p,p'-DDE) and the risk of ADHD-related behaviors [25,36] ( Table 2).…”

Section: Criteria Of the Selection Of Studies To The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children

Polańska¹,

Jurewicz²,

Hanke³

2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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The aim of this review was to investigate the association between attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or AD HD-related symptoms and industrial chemicals, such as organophosphates and organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, mercury and manganese. Medline, PubMed and EBSCO searches were performed to identify the studies that analyzed the association of prenatal and postnatal child exposure to such toxicants and ADHD or ADHD-re lated symptoms. The review is restricted to human studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals since 2000. Most of the presented studies focused on pesticides, PCB and lead. The impact of mercury and manganese was investigated less frequently. The findings indicate that children's exposure to organophosphate pesticides may cause symptoms consistent with pervasive developmental disorder, ADHD or attention problems. Exposures to organochlorine pesticides and PCBs were associated with ADHD-like behaviors such as alertness, quality of alert response, and cost of attention. The studies provided evidence that blood lead level below 10 μg/dl was associated with ADHD or ADHD-related symptoms. Informa tion on the association between exposure to mercury and neurotoxicity is limited, and requires further confirmation in future research. Two studies indicated that exposure to manganese is related to ADHD; such exposure and its impact on children neurodevelopment need to be further investigated. Future studies should use a prospective design with multiple biological samples collected over time for better assessment of exposure and its critical windows. Additionally, inclusion of potential confounding factors and co-exposures is crucial.

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“…Fetuses and infants are more vulnerable to neurotoxic environmental chemicals even at very lowlevel exposure, which can affect brain development, decrease cognitive function, and result in development disorders in childhood. Lee et al (2007a) investigated learning disability (LD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD) in children aged 4-15 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 data (Lee et al, 2007a). Dioxins in children showed significant positive associations with learning disability (LD), but p,p'-DDE and trans-nonachlor were not associated with the prevalence of learning disability (LD).…”

Section: Childhood Developmental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Serum

Kang¹,

Chang²

2011

Pesticides - Strategies for Pesticides Analysis

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Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants with the prevalence of learning disability and attention deficit disorder

Cited by 70 publications

References 48 publications

Maternal adiposity prior to pregnancy is associated with ADHD symptoms in offspring: evidence from three prospective pregnancy cohorts

Maternal adiposity prior to pregnancy is associated with ADHD symptoms in offspring: evidence from three prospective pregnancy cohorts

Review of current evidence on the impact of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and selected metals on attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder in children

Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Serum

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