Linalool is a PPARα ligand that reduces plasma TG levels and rewires the hepatic transcriptome and plasma metabolome

Abstract

This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org increase in the fasting TG level was associated with 14% and 37% higher incidences of CVD in men and women, respectively ( 3 ). A TG level reduction of the same magnitude could be achieved by dietary interventions, possibly based on the intake of fruits, vegetables, and teas ( 4, 5 ).The ingestion of fragrant herbal teas has been suggested as a simple and effective way of preventing CVD, with green tea being the most widely used ( 6 ). Studies on the hypolipidemic effects of teas have particularly focused on the catechins in green tea as potent active compounds ( 7,8 ). However, catechins alone cannot explain the lipid-lowering effects of teas because data on the effects of catechins in human trials have not been consistently positive ( 9, 10 ). The majority of human epidemiological and interventional studies have indicated benefi cial effects of catechin on metabolic syndrome ( 11 ). However, the number of human studies in this fi eld is still considered to be limited because some published clinical studies have shown that catechin has no effects on metabolic risk factors, including insulin sensitivity and secretion, as well as on glucose tolerance, cholesterol, and TG levels ( 10 ). In addition, noncatechin phytochemicals derived from teas have been reported to exert hypolipidemic effects independently or synergistically. In particular, teas are rich in fl avor compounds, among which the terpenoids could be potent, active compounds to enhance hepatic cholesterol and FA metabolism ( 12, 13 ). However, the metabolic functions of terpenoid aroma compounds in teas have largely been ignored. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor in the development of CVD and a key component of metabolic syndrome ( 1, 2 ). A meta-analysis showed that a 1 mM

Beneficial effects of celery (Apium graveolens) on metabolic syndrome: A review of the existing evidences

“…In mice, linalool reduced plasma TG and saturated fatty acids level and regulated hepatic PPARα target genes. Linalool exhibited similar effects of fenofibrate (Jun et al, ). Some studies have revealed the protective effects of celery extracts on metabolic syndromeas shown in Table .…”

“…Moreover, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of celery seed extract were studied. Celery seed extract significantly reduced water intake, glucose, cholesterol and TG, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate amino- (Jun et al, 2014). Some studies have revealed the protective effects of celery extracts on metabolic syndromeas shown in Table 3.…”

Azelaic Acid Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Skeletal Muscle by Activation of Olfactory Receptor 544

“…Immunoblotting analysis was used to measure the protein levels of C2C12 and muscle tissues (Jun et al, 2014;Hoang et al, 2015;Jia et al, 2016). Briefly, lysates of skeletal muscle cells and tissues were obtained in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Thermo, Waltham, MA, United States).…”

Seeing cells smell: Dynamic optical measurements of Ca2+and cAMP signaling from Olfactory Receptors transiently expressed in HEK293TN cells

“…HEK293 cells also express other receptors implemented in the perception of some of the chemicals tested, e.g. free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) for propionic acid (Brown et al 2003) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ for linalool, citronellol and geraniol (Katsukawa et al 2011, Jun et al 2014. At the moment we cannot conclude if all endogenous responses are mediated by the respective ORs or by an another (olfactory) receptor.…”