Limits of Neural Computation in Humans and Machines

Taraban, Roman

doi:10.1007/s11948-020-00249-7

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While there was no clear definition of autonomy [A 36 , 43 , 53 , 56 – 62 ] provided, most of the sources pointed out situations that could undermine autonomy. For example one author pointed out that the use of patient data without transparency or consent may be seen to violate the principle of respect for autonomy [A 60 ] while the other states that decisions about data that describe who we are and how we live do indeed concern us directly and not being able to make those decisions can thus undermine our autonomy [A 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laws that promote autonomy usually reference the principle of justice as pointed out by one of the authors [A 36 ]. One of the sources argued about the limit of neural processing pointing out that neuroscience is currently only beginning to understand how meaning is represented in the brain and it will be difficult to build machines that act autonomously [A 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to promote integrity, Individuals or entities should be provided with a timely means to dispute the accuracy or integrity of their individually identifiable information, and to have erroneous information corrected or to have a dispute documented if their requests are denied [A 42 ]. One author points out that appropriate measures need to be taken to maintain the integrity of brain research due to situations like dual-use of neurorobotics for civilian and military applications [A 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ethical and legal landscape of brain data governance

2022

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Neuroscience research is producing big brain data which informs both advancements in neuroscience research and drives the development of advanced datasets to provide advanced medical solutions. These brain data are produced under different jurisdictions in different formats and are governed under different regulations. The governance of data has become essential and critical resulting in the development of various governance structures to ensure that the quality, availability, findability, accessibility, usability, and utility of data is maintained. Furthermore, data governance is influenced by various ethical and legal principles. However, it is still not clear what ethical and legal principles should be used as a standard or baseline when managing brain data due to varying practices and evolving concepts. Therefore, this study asks what ethical and legal principles shape the current brain data governance landscape? A systematic scoping review and thematic analysis of articles focused on biomedical, neuro and brain data governance was carried out to identify the ethical and legal principles which shape the current brain data governance landscape. The results revealed that there is currently a large variation of how the principles are presented and discussions around the terms are very multidimensional. Some of the principles are still at their infancy and are barely visible. A range of principles emerged during the thematic analysis providing a potential list of principles which can provide a more comprehensive framework for brain data governance and a conceptual expansion of neuroethics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ethical and legal landscape of brain data governance

2022

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“…However, the beginning of the top-down process of empathy is weaker for robots than for humans” Swiderska and Küster ( 2018 ) This online study with 217 US participants found that, “both robotic and human-like avatars were imbued with mind to a higher degree” when they were presented with a facial wound, “irrespective of the baseline level of mind attributed to their unharmed counterparts” Swiderska and Küster ( 2020 ) Across several experiments, Swiderska and Küster found that, “[h]armful robotic agents were consistently imbued with mental states to a lower degree than benevolent agents” and that, “a human moral patient appeared to suffer less when depicted with a robotic agent than with another human. The findings suggest that future robots may become subject to humanlike dehumanization mechanisms, which challenges the established beliefs about anthropomorphism” Taraban ( 2020 ) Taraban focuses on the “emerging interdisciplinary field” of neurorobotics. A few news stories relating to the “Rights of Intelligent Robots” (such as the robot Sophia being granted citizenship) are summarized.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Moral Consideration of Artificial Entities: A Literature Review

Harris

Anthis

2021

Sci Eng Ethics

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Ethicists, policy-makers, and the general public have questioned whether artificial entities such as robots warrant rights or other forms of moral consideration. There is little synthesis of the research on this topic so far. We identify 294 relevant research or discussion items in our literature review of this topic. There is widespread agreement among scholars that some artificial entities could warrant moral consideration in the future, if not also the present. The reasoning varies, such as concern for the effects on artificial entities and concern for the effects on human society. Beyond the conventional consequentialist, deontological, and virtue ethicist ethical frameworks, some scholars encourage “information ethics” and “social-relational” approaches, though there are opportunities for more in-depth ethical research on the nuances of moral consideration of artificial entities. There is limited relevant empirical data collection, primarily in a few psychological studies on current moral and social attitudes of humans towards robots and other artificial entities. This suggests an important gap for psychological, sociological, economic, and organizational research on how artificial entities will be integrated into society and the factors that will determine how the interests of artificial entities are considered.

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“…Still, there is a bundle of controversial ethical problems in the field of translation that need to be addressed ASAP in the coming years. One of them can be verbalized as a paraphrased Roman Taraban's (2020Taraban's ( , p. 2552) question with the insertion of similar concepts: Regarding the ethics and social implications of neural machine translation, will smart machine translators have rights equal to those of human translators?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Issues of Neural Machine Translation

Zasiekin

Vakuliuk

2020

Psycholing. in a Mod. World

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The paper is focused on the issues of machine translation ethics. The goal of the present study is to discuss the role of neural machine translation tools from an ethical point of view and their impact on humans. Although traditionally ethics of translation is viewed in terms of sameness and difference, it is human translator who is a party to ethics of translation. It is discussed that translators should rely on technology as a helpful leverage in their job, since it allows them to be faster and more productive. On the other hand, we take an interest in examining the extent to which translation technology tools are given power. Neural machine translators can be unsupervised by humans, therefore viewed as a party to ethics of translation.

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Limits of Neural Computation in Humans and Machines

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

The ethical and legal landscape of brain data governance

The ethical and legal landscape of brain data governance

The Moral Consideration of Artificial Entities: A Literature Review

Ethical Issues of Neural Machine Translation

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