Limited visual search on the WAIS picture completion test in patients with schizophrenia

Kurachi, Masayoshi; Matsui, Mié; Kiba, Kiyoko; Suzuki, Michio; Tsunoda, Masahiko; Yamaguchi, Nariyoshi

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(94)90086-8

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, first-episode schizophrenia patients have shown an abnormal clustering of fixations and shorter visual scanpaths when scanning faces, landscapes, and abstract patterns (Benson et al, 2007). The largest deteriorations have been reported for stabilized chronic patients with schizophrenia, with fewer fixations, shorter scanpaths, narrower clustering of fixations, and avoidance of predefined features in different visual scanning tasks (e.g., Gaebel et al, 1987; Gordon et al, 1992; Kurachi et al, 1994; Phillips and David, 1997; Williams et al, 1999; Loughland et al, 2002, 2004; Minassian et al, 2005; Koethe et al, 2006). …”

Section: The Vision Perspective On Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“To see or not to see: that is the question.” The “Protection-Against-Schizophrenia” (PaSZ) model: evidence from congenital blindness and visuo-cognitive aberrations

Landgraf¹,

Osterheider²

2013

Front. Psychol.

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The causes of schizophrenia are still unknown. For the last 100 years, though, both “absent” and “perfect” vision have been associated with a lower risk for schizophrenia. Hence, vision itself and aberrations in visual functioning may be fundamental to the development and etiological explanations of the disorder. In this paper, we present the “Protection-Against-Schizophrenia” (PaSZ) model, which grades the risk for developing schizophrenia as a function of an individual's visual capacity. We review two vision perspectives: (1) “Absent” vision or how congenital blindness contributes to PaSZ and (2) “perfect” vision or how aberrations in visual functioning are associated with psychosis. First, we illustrate that, although congenitally blind and sighted individuals acquire similar world representations, blind individuals compensate for behavioral shortcomings through neurofunctional and multisensory reorganization. These reorganizations may indicate etiological explanations for their PaSZ. Second, we demonstrate that visuo-cognitive impairments are fundamental for the development of schizophrenia. Deteriorated visual information acquisition and processing contribute to higher-order cognitive dysfunctions and subsequently to schizophrenic symptoms. Finally, we provide different specific therapeutic recommendations for individuals who suffer from visual impairments (who never developed “normal” vision) and individuals who suffer from visual deterioration (who previously had “normal” visual skills). Rather than categorizing individuals as “normal” and “mentally disordered,” the PaSZ model uses a continuous scale to represent psychiatrically relevant human behavior. This not only provides a scientific basis for more fine-grained diagnostic assessments, earlier detection, and more appropriate therapeutic assignments, but it also outlines a trajectory for unraveling the causes of abnormal psychotic human self- and world-perception.

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Section: The Vision Perspective On Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“To see or not to see: that is the question.” The “Protection-Against-Schizophrenia” (PaSZ) model: evidence from congenital blindness and visuo-cognitive aberrations

Landgraf¹,

Osterheider²

2013

Front. Psychol.

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“…This result can be related to studies on attentional control and cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia (Granholm et al, 1999; Ducato et al, 2008a,b). Indeed, patients with schizophrenia are able to normalize their pattern of visual exploration when they are actively involved in more demanding tasks (Kurachi et al, 1994; Tonoya et al, 2002; Delerue et al, 2010; Delerue and Boucart, 2012, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imagined motor action and eye movements in schizophrenia

Delerue

Boucart

2013

Front. Psychol.

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Visual exploration and planning of actions are reported to be abnormal in schizophrenia. Most of the studies monitoring eye movements in patients with schizophrenia have been performed under free-viewing condition. The present study was designed to assess whether mentally performing an action modulates the visuomotor behavior in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Visual scan paths were monitored in eighteen patients with schizophrenia and in eighteen healthy controls. Participants performed two tasks in which they were asked either to (1) look at a scene on a computer screen (free viewing), or (2) picture themselves making a sandwich in front of a computer screen (active viewing). The scenes contained both task-relevant and task-irrelevant objects. Temporal and spatial characteristics of scan paths were compared for each group and each task. The results indicate that patients with schizophrenia exhibited longer fixation durations, and fewer fixations, than healthy controls in the free viewing condition. The patients' visual exploration improved in the active viewing condition. However, patients looked less at task-relevant objects and looked more at distractors than controls in the active viewing condition in which they were asked to picture themselves making a sandwich in moving their eyes to task-relevant objects on an image. These results are consistent with the literature on deficits in motor imagery in patients with schizophrenia and it extends the impairment to visual exploration in an action imagery task.

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“…subsequently developed the responsive search score whereby patients with schizophrenia perform worse than control subjects. Other authors investigated scanning behavior of subjects with schizophrenia using the Binet-Bobertag's picture (Gaebel et al 1987), figures from the Benton's visual retention test (Tsunoda et al 1992), and the WAIS picture completion test (Kurachi et al 1994). These previous studies have found that patients with schizophrenia show restricted eye-scanning in comparison with normal controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Exploratory eye movements in schizophrenia

Tonoya

Matsui

Kurachi

et al. 2002

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience

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It has been reported that patients with schizophrenia show restricted eye-scanning in comparison with normal controls; however, the precise mechanism underlying the limited eye movement pattern remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting restricted eye-scanning in schizophrenic patients by examining exploratory eye movements during demonstration of two different sizes of the S-shaped figure. The second purpose was to determine the effect of the instruction for performance on the restricted viewing pattern in patients with schizophrenia. Eye movements during demonstration of the S-shaped figure of the original or half size were examined in 15 patients with schizophrenia and 15 normal controls using an infrared eye-mark recorder. The patients showed lower search scores than control subjects for both sizes of the figure. The subjects were then instructed to compare a slightly modified figure with the original one. Lower responsive search scores were found for the patients when "fixation point" was defined as a point at which a gaze was held for at least 200 ms, while the patients and control subjects performed equally at the 100-ms setting. Direct instruction to scrutinize the S-shape abolished the difference in the search scores between patients and control subjects at both the 100-ms and 200-ms settings. These findings suggest that the size of the S-figure is not a factor of restricted eye movements, and that the direct instruction improves the visual performance in patients with schizophrenia.

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Limited visual search on the WAIS picture completion test in patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 47 publications

References 21 publications

“To see or not to see: that is the question.” The “Protection-Against-Schizophrenia” (PaSZ) model: evidence from congenital blindness and visuo-cognitive aberrations

“To see or not to see: that is the question.” The “Protection-Against-Schizophrenia” (PaSZ) model: evidence from congenital blindness and visuo-cognitive aberrations

Imagined motor action and eye movements in schizophrenia

Exploratory eye movements in schizophrenia

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