Limitations of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure for providing a conservative estimate of landfilled municipal solid waste incineration ash leaching

Intrakamhaeng, Vicharana; Clavier, Kyle A.; Roessler, Justin G.; Townsend, Timothy G.

doi:10.1080/10962247.2019.1569172

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the USA alone, over 30 million tons of MSW was incinerated in 2014 (13% of the total domestic MSW) [135], which correlates to 5 million tons of residual bottom ash. Primarily, bottom ashes are combined with fly ashes in order to avoid classification as hazardous waste [136,137]. Unlike fly ashes, bottom ashes are still mainly disposed instead of being used as secondary raw material.…”

Section: Applicability Of Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ashes In Weak Soil Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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Implementation of construction works on weak (e.g., compressible, collapsible, expansive) soils such as peatlands often is limited by logistics of equipment and shortage of available and applicable materials. If preloading or floating roads on geogrid reinforcement or piled embankments cannot be implemented, then soil stabilization is needed. Sustainable soil stabilization in an environmentally friendly way is recommended instead of applying known conventional methods such as pure cementing or excavation and a single replacement of soils. Substitution of conventional material (cement) and primary raw material (lime) with secondary raw material (waste and byproducts from industries) corresponds to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, preserves resources, saves energy, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Besides traditional material usage, soil stabilization is achievable through various secondary raw materials (listed according to their groups and subgroups): 1. thermally treated waste products: 1.1. ashes from agriculture production; 1.2. ashes from energy production; 1.3. ashes from various manufacturing; 1.4. ashes from waste processing; 1.5. high carbon content pyrolysis products; 2. untreated waste and new products made from secondary raw materials: 2.1. waste from municipal waste biological treatment and landfills; 2.2. waste from industries; 3. new products made from secondary raw materials: 3.1. composite materials. Efficient solutions in environmental engineering may eliminate excessive amounts of waste and support innovation in the circular economy for sustainable future.

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Section: Applicability Of Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ashes In Weak Soil Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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“…Leaching is related to raw materials, pH value, liquidsolid ratio, particle size, and other factors [78][79][80][81]. Due to the different contents of heavy metals in different raw materials, the leaching results are quite different.…”

Section: Leaching Characteristics Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemical Properties, Pretreatment, and Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash and Bottom Ash for Highway Engineering: A Literature Review

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has been widely used due to its benefits in reducing waste and recovering energy. However, MSWI fly ash and bottom ash are increasing rapidly, causing harm to human health and the environment. This paper discussed the production process, physical and chemical properties, leaching properties, pretreatment methods, and applications of fly ash and bottom ash. By summarizing the previous literature, it is found that MSWI fly ash and bottom ash have mechanical properties similar to natural aggregate. Many beneficial attempts have been made in cement concrete aggregates, ceramic raw materials, and highway engineering materials. Due to concerns about the leaching of heavy metals in fly ash, its application in highway engineering is limited. The application of bottom ash in asphalt pavement is rare because of the side effect on the performance of asphalt mixture. Considering the solidification effect of cement on heavy metals and the low cost of fly ash and bottom ash, the application in cement-stabilized macadam base has broad application prospects. This is beneficial to reduce the construction cost and promote the process of waste incineration, especially in developing countries.

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“…Toxic leaching experiments are important for the identification of solid waste, and the detection results are of great significance in guiding the management and disposal of hazardous solid waste [40]. According to the Chinese National Standard for methods for solid waste leaching and toxic leaching-specifically, the roll-over leaching procedure (GB5096.…”

Section: Toxic Leaching Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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As one of the main industrial solid wastes, there are a large number of free alkaloids, chemically bound alkaloids, fluoride, and heavy metal ions in Bayer process red mud (BRM), which are difficult to remove and easily pollute groundwater as a result of open storage. In order to realize the large-scale industrial application of BRM as a backfilling aggregate for underground mining and simultaneously avoid polluting groundwater, the material characteristics of BRM were analyzed through physical, mechanical, and chemical composition tests. The optimum cement–sand ratio and solid mass concentration of the backfilling were obtained based on several mixture proportion tests. According to the results of bleeding, soaking, and toxic leaching experiments, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the environmental impact of BRM on groundwater. The results show that chemically bound alkaloids that remained in BRM reacted with Ca2+ in PO 42.5 cement, slowed down the solidification speed, and reduced the early strength of red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB). The hydration products in RMCB, such as AFT and C-S-H gel, had significant encapsulation, solidification, and precipitation inhibition effects on contaminants, which could reduce the contents of inorganic contaminants in soaking water by 26.8% to 93.8% and the leaching of toxic heavy metal ions by 57.1% to 73.3%. As shown by the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the degree of pollution of the RMCB in bleeding water belonged to a medium grade Ⅲ, while that in the soaking water belonged to a low grade II. The bleeding water was diluted by 50–100 times to reach grade I after flowing into the water sump and could be totally recycled for drilling and backfilling, thus causing negligible effects on the groundwater environment.

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Limitations of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure for providing a conservative estimate of landfilled municipal solid waste incineration ash leaching

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Physical and Chemical Properties, Pretreatment, and Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash and Bottom Ash for Highway Engineering: A Literature Review

Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater

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