Limitations of metallothioneins in common cockles (Cerastoderma edule) and sponges (Haliclona oculata) as biomarkers of metal contamination in a semi-enclosed coastal area

Metal Accumulation and Metallothionein Response in Fucus Spiralis

“…MT concentrations were measured using the UVspectrophotometric method devised by Viarengo, et al [28], with modifications by Aly, et al [29]. Before analysis, approximately 3 cm of the frond tips of seaweed were dissected.…”

Effects of organism preparation in metallothionein and metal analysis in marine invertebrates for biomonitoring marine pollution

“…A modified spectrophotometric method, as described by Viarengo et al (1997) with few modifications by Aly et al (2014), was used to measure MTs in M. edulis. This is a sensitive, time saving, and low cost technique that has been inter-calibrated and standardized by a number of laboratories (Zorita et al, 2005;UNEP/RAMOGE, 1999).…”

“…However, many factors, such as animal size and weight, life stage, and environmental conditions can affect quantitative relationships between metal exposure and MT response. The results delivered can be ambiguous and usually advised cautiously as indicators of exposure rather than predictors of risks (Aly et al, 2014;Forbes et al, 2006). Furthermore, inconsistencies exist for the treatment of organisms before analysis of MT and metals (hereby referred to as pre-treatment) at almost every stage, from collection and transportation to the laboratory, to initial preparation of the samples and storage (Table 1).…”

Determination of trace metallothioneins at nanogram levels with Eosin Y by resonance light scattering method

“…Accordingly, the study of MTs as biomarkers for metal contamination has already become a major focus in many fields such as environmental science, biological science, medical science, toxicology, etc. [8][9][10], especially with regard to the widespread application perspectives of MTs.…”