Limb regeneration

Simon, András; Tanaka, Elly M.

doi:10.1002/wdev.73

Cited by 96 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Many of the key findings relate to size and growth mechanisms, and frog systems are likely to continue to drive the field of biological size control. Other species of amphibians provide novel opportunities to investigate direct development and regeneration (Brockes 1997; Callery 2006; Roensch et al 2013; Simon and Tanaka 2013). Stay tuned as unique amphibian systems continue to teach us valuable lessons about conserved mechanisms of biological size and scaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Scaling Problems and Solutions in Amphibians

Levy

Heald

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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Size is a primary feature of biological systems that varies at many levels, from the organism to its constituent cells and subcellular structures. Amphibians populate some of the extremes in biological size and have provided insight into scaling mechanisms, upper and lower size limits, and their physiological significance. Body size variation is a widespread evolutionary tactic among amphibians, with miniaturization frequently correlating with direct development that occurs without a tadpole stage. The large genomes of salamanders lead to large cell sizes that necessitate developmental modification and morphological simplification. Amphibian extremes at the cellular level have provided insight into mechanisms that accommodate cell-size differences. Finally, how organelles scale to cell size between species and during development has been investigated at the molecular level, because subcellular scaling can be recapitulated using Xenopus in vitro systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Scaling Problems and Solutions in Amphibians

Levy

Heald

2015

Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol

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“…Immediate covering of the injured area is also known after limb amputation in salamanders and fin amputation in zebrafish, which is essential for following blastema formation during limb and fin regeneration through communicating with underlying mesenchyme (Iovine, 2007; Simon and Tanaka, 2013). In the case of the heart, the epicardium provides paracrine signals for cardiomyocyte proliferation, such as retinoic acid and Nrg1 (Kikuchi et al, 2011b; Gemberling et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cell Migration During Zebrafish Heart Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell migration during heart regeneration in zebrafish

Tahara

Brush

Kawakami

2016

Developmental Dynamics

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Zebrafish possess the remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts as adults, which contrasts the very limited ability in mammals. Although very limited, mammalian hearts do in fact have measurable levels of cardiomyocyte regeneration. Therefore, elucidating mechanisms of zebrafish heart regeneration would provide information of naturally occurring regeneration to potentially apply to mammalian studies, in addition to addressing this biologically interesting phenomenon in itself. Studies over the past 13 years have identified processes and mechanisms of heart regeneration in zebrafish. After heart injury, preexisting cardiomyocytes dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and repair the injured myocardium. This process requires interaction with epicardial cells, endocardial cells, and vascular endothelial cells. Epicardial cells envelope the heart, while endocardial cells make up the inner lining of the heart. They provide paracrine signals to cardiomyocytes to regenerate the injured myocardium, which is vascularized during heart regeneration. In addition, accumulating results suggest that local migration of these major cardiac cell types have roles in heart regeneration. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of various heart injury methods used in the research community and regeneration of the major cardiac cell types. Then, we discuss local migration of these cardiac cell types and immune cells during heart regeneration.

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“…In contrast to nonregenerative repair or scarring of an amputated limb in mammals, appendage regeneration in zebrafish and urodele amphibians involves the creation of a blastema underneath the wound epidermis (1)(2)(3)(4). Current evidence indicates that the blastema is a heterogeneous population of progenitor cells that arises predominantly by dedifferentiation of stump tissues in the vicinity of the amputation (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes morphogenesis of blood vessels, wound epidermis, and actinotrichia during fin regeneration in zebrafish

et al. 2015

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Zebrafish fin regeneration involves initial formation of the wound epidermis and the blastema, followed by tissue morphogenesis. The mechanisms coordinating differentiation of distinct tissues of the regenerate are poorly understood. Here, we applied pharmacologic and transgenic approaches to address the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during fin restoration. To map the BMP transcriptional activity, we analyzed the expression of the evolutionarily conserved direct phospho-Smad1 target gene, id1, and its homologs id2a and id3. This analysis revealed the BMP activity in the distal blastema, wound epidermis, osteoblasts, and blood vessels of the regenerate. Blocking the BMP function with a selective chemical inhibitor of BMP type I receptors, DMH1, suppressed id1 and id3 expression and arrested regeneration after blastema formation. We identified several previously uncharacterized functions of BMP during fin regeneration. Specifically, BMP signaling is required for remodeling of plexus into structured blood vessels in the rapidly growing regenerate. It organizes the wound epithelium by triggering wnt5b expression and promoting Collagen XIV-A deposition into the basement membrane. BMP represents the first known signaling that induces actinotrichia formation in the regenerate. Our data reveal a multifaceted role of BMP for coordinated morphogenesis of distinct tissues during regeneration of a complex vertebrate appendage.-Thorimbert, V., König, D., Marro, J., Ruggiero, F., Jaźwińska, A. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes morphogenesis of blood vessels, wound epidermis, and actinotrichia during fin regeneration in zebrafish. FASEB J. 29, 4299-4312 (2015). www.fasebj.org

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Limb regeneration

Cited by 96 publications

References 80 publications

Biological Scaling Problems and Solutions in Amphibians

Biological Scaling Problems and Solutions in Amphibians

Cell migration during heart regeneration in zebrafish

Bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes morphogenesis of blood vessels, wound epidermis, and actinotrichia during fin regeneration in zebrafish

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