Lignocellulosic biomass and carbohydrates as feed-stock for scalable production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Progress in Selective Conversion of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to DHMF and DMF

“…Pd and other metals support on special carriers also have good activity. Pisal et al, [57] they prepare 2 %Pd‐5 %Co/AZMOcp catalyst by co‐precipitation, hydrothermal techniques and the impregnation method. The AZMO catalyst has high acidity and surface area and obtains by the co‐precipitation method.…”

“…Pd and other metals support on special carriers also have good activity. Pisal et al, [57] they prepare 2 %Pd-5 %Co/AZMOcp catalyst by co-precipitation, hydrothermal techniques and the impregnation method.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a very momentous platform compound, [27][28][29][30] HMF was obtained though the dehydration of biomass-derived carbohydrates, such as glucose, [31][32][33][34][35] fructose, [36][37][38][39][40] sucrose, [41][42][43][44][45] inulin, [46][47][48][49][50] cellobiose [51][52][53][54][55] and cellulose. [29,[56][57][58][59][60] Microwave technology is a simple and efficient conversion technology that can convert biomass to HMF. Li et al, [61] they convert cellulose and glucose directly into HMF in i...…”

“…In order to make full use of biomass resource, fine chemicals, and biological liquid fuel oil can be prepared by hydrogenation, oxidation, hydrolysis, esterification, reductive depolymerisationenzymatic hydrolysis, and catalytic pyrolysis [14–26] . 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a very momentous platform compound, [27–30] HMF was obtained though the dehydration of biomass‐derived carbohydrates, such as glucose, [31–35] fructose, [36–40] sucrose, [41–45] inulin, [46–50] cellobiose [51–55] and cellulose [29,56–60] . Microwave technology is a simple and efficient conversion technology that can convert biomass to HMF.…”

Conversion of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in an H2O/tetrahydrofuran/cyclohexane biphasic system with Al2(SO4)3 as the catalyst

“…Previously, we observed that NaHSO 4 -ZnSO 4 could convert the cellulose in the H 2 O-THF biphasic system to form HMF with a high yield of 53% (Shi et al 2013). Kumar et al (2021a) reported a one scale-up approach for the HMF synthesis from lignocellulosic biomass with oxalic acid dihydrate, AlCl 3 , HCl and activated charcoal as catalysts, and a high HMF yield of 55% was obtained from sugarcane bagasse, showing the possibility of commercial HMF production with metal salts as catalysts. As for the catalytic mechanism of these metal salts, the Brønsted acid species H + generated by the in-situ hydrolysis of metal salts is proposed to be responsible for the hydrolysis of cellulose and dehydration of fructose, whereas the Lewis acid species [M(OH) x (H 2 O) y ] n+ generated by in-situ hydrolysis of metal salts are proposed to be efficient catalysts of the isomerisation of glucose into fructose (Tang et al 2015;Yang et al 2017).…”