Pd‐Catalysed Decarbonylation Free Approach to Carbonylative Esterification of 5‐HMF to Its Aryl Esters Synthesis Using Aryl Halides and Oxalic Acid as C₁ Source

Abstract

A decarbonylation free, polystyrene-supported, Pd (Pd@PS)-catalysed carbonylative esterification of the hydroxy group of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) to its corresponding aryl esters has been developed. The use of Pd@PS, oxalic acid as CO source, and aryl halides was first explored for the aryl ester of 5-HMF synthesis. Here, we investigated the vital role of a polystyrene support to avoid the commonly known decarbonylation of 5-HMF. The reaction exhibits vast substrate scope with comparably good yield and catalyst recyclability.

An unconventional iron oxide catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation to 2,5-diformylfuran

“…For a long time, our research group has been constantly contributing to cellulosic biomass conversion to industrially and academically demanded 5-HMF and furfural, and further their applications in various fields. [16][17][18][19][20][21] In continuation of this research and considering the importance and obstacles associated with DFF synthesis, in the present work, we have explicitly investigated the chemistry of magnetic γ-Fe 2 O 3 and its particle size (≤50 nm) for selectively catalysing 5-HMF conversion to DFF. Initially, after performing the reaction under experimental conditions followed by catalyst isolation, we then activated the used catalyst for the next catalytic cycle.…”

A solid acid catalysed one-pot selective approach for 2,5-diformylfuran synthesis from fructose/carbohydrate feedstocks

“…In the last few years, our group has been actively working on the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for the synthesis of fine chemicals and their further scale up to the kilogram level. 23 In this context, we have reported here an efficient metal catalyst free, one-pot process for the synthesis of DFF directly from a variety of low-cost feedstocks including fructose, sugar, sugarcane molasses, and jaggery by using the first ever commercially available sulfonated polystyrene resin as a solid acid (Amberlite IR 120 H + strong acidic resin (Amberlite IR 120 H)) with KBr and DMSO and procured very good yields. Moreover, the developed process not only avoids the use of high-cost metal catalysts but also involves a highly selective, scalable, easy purification and low-cost process for DFF production.…”

Recent Advances in Supported Bimetallic Pd–Au Catalysts: Development and Applications in Organic Synthesis with Focused Catalytic Action Study

“…This dominancy of heterogeneous catalysis can be easily seen in various industrial applications such as catalytic production of nitric acid, ethylene, propylene, acetic acid, and methanol, among others, for establishment of high standards of human civilization. Since the past decade, our group has been dedicatedly involved in development of polystyrene supported transition metal (including Pd–Au) NPs as heterogeneous catalysts for various important organic transformations. − The origins of the novel Pd–Au catalysis as bimetallic NPs surface and its heterogeneous catalysts was very well reviewed until 2012. , The present Review highlights the advancements in the past nine years in heterogeneous bimetallic Pd–Au catalysts including their preparation strategies, characterization methods for mechanistic investigations, as well as applications in developing greener, atom economic, and sustainable strategies for different important organic transformation reactions. Because DFT studies reveal a general correlation between the d-band center position and adsorption energy of the bimetallic surface during catalytic transformation, a brief general study also has been included in the current Review for comprehensive understanding of supported Pd–Au BMCs.…”