Lignin wastes: Past, present, and future

Krutov, S. M.; Voznyakovskii, А. P.; Gribkov, I; Шугалей, И. В.

doi:10.1134/s1070363214130222

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…25 More recently, studies have described the application of lignin in adsorbing and segregating heavy metal ions. 25,26 Lignin also finds application in the construction industry as a replacement for wood flour and sawdust in the production of porcelain and bricks. 8,25 Furthermore, lignin is used as a concrete filler in the construction industry.…”

Section: Commercial Applications Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lignin degradation by microorganisms: A review

Atiwesh

Parrish

Banoub

et al. 2021

Biotechnology Progress

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Lignin is an abundant plant‐based biopolymer that has found applications in a variety of industries from construction to bioethanol production. This recalcitrant branched polymer is naturally degraded by many different species of microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria. These microbial lignin degradation mechanisms provide a host of possibilities to overcome the challenges of using harmful chemicals to degrade lignin biowaste in many industries. The classes and mechanisms of different microbial lignin degradation options available in nature form the primary focus of the present review. This review first discusses the chemical building blocks of lignin and the industrial sources and applications of this multifaceted polymer. The review further places emphasis on the degradation of lignin by natural means, discussing in detail the lignin degradation activities of various fungal and bacterial species. The lignin‐degrading enzymes produced by various microbial species, specifically white‐rot fungi, brown‐rot fungi, and bacteria, are described. In the end, possible directions for future lignin biodegradation applications and research investigations have been provided.

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Section: Commercial Applications Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 Lignin also finds application in the construction industry as a replacement for wood flour and sawdust in the production of porcelain and bricks. 8,25 Furthermore, lignin is used as a concrete filler in the construction industry. 8 Lignin is also incorporated in paints, varnishes, and inks as a filler.…”

Section: Commercial Applications Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin degradation by microorganisms: A review

Atiwesh

Parrish

Banoub

et al. 2021

Biotechnology Progress

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“…Accordingly, the utilization of plant biopolymers, which are not a target resource, is one of the most important tasks of environmental management. In this case, they are considered as secondary raw materials [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Way of Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene Nanosheets by the Selfpropagating High-Temperature Synthesis Method From Bi-opolymers for Large-Scale Production - A Method of Utilization Waste From the Woodworking Industry for Clean Earth Tomorrow

Voznyakovskii¹,

Vozniakovskii²,

Кидалов³

2022

Preprint

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For the first time, few-layer graphene (FLG) nanosheets were synthesized by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from biopolymers (starch and lignin). We suggested that biopolymers (lignin, tree bark) and polysaccharides, in particular starch, could be an acceptable source of native cycles for the SHS process. The carbonization of biopolymers under the conditions of the SHS process was chosen as the basic method of synthesis. Chemical reactions, under the conditions of the SHS process, proceed according to a specific mechanism of nonsothermal branched-chain processes, which are characterized by the joint action of two fundamentally different process-accelerating factors - avalanche reproduction of active intermediate particles and self-heating. The method of obtaining FLG nanosheets included the thermal destruction of hydrocarbons in a mixture with an oxidizing agent. We used biopolymers as hydrocarbons and ammonium nitrate as an oxidizing agent. Thermal destruction was carried out in the mode of SHS, heating the mixture in a vessel at a speed of 20–30 oC/min to 150-200 oC and keeping at this temperature for 15–20 min with the discharge of excess gases into atmosphere. A combination of spectrometric research methods, supplemented by electron microscopy data, has shown that the particles of the carbonated product powder in their morphometric and physical parameters correspond to FLG nanosheets. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the indicated FLG nanosheets was carried out, which showed the absence of formations with a graphite crystal structure in the final material. The surface morphology was also studied and the features of the IR absorption of FLG nanosheets were analyzed. It is shown that the developed SHS method makes it possible to obtain FLG nanosheets with linear dimensions of tens of microns and a thickness of not more than 1-5 graphene layers (several graphene layers).

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“…Lignin is regarded as a key raw material to achieve a sustainable forest product bioeconomy, particularly for the pulp and paper industry (Wenger et al 2020). Lignin is a renewable, amorphous, and aromatic biopolymer, isolated from black liquor which is a by-product of the pulp and paper industry (Krutov et al 2014). The pulp and paper industry worldwide produces an estimated 40-50 million tons of lignin annually (FAO 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Polyurethane Resins Derived from Liquid Fractions of Lignin for the Modification of Ramie Fibers

Aristri

Laksana

Falah

et al. 2021

JSL

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In this study, technical lignin from black liquor was used as a pre-polymer for the preparation of bio-polyurethane (Bio-PU) resins. Briefly, the isolated lignin was fractionated using ethyl acetate (EtAc) and methanol (MeOH). The liquid fractions of lignin, such as lignin-EtAc (L-EtAc) and lignin-methanol (L-MeOH), were mixed with 10% of polymeric isocyanate (based on the weight of liquid fractions) to obtain Bio-PU resins. The isolated lignin, fractionated lignin, and lignin-derived Bio-PU resins were characterized using several techniques. The obtained Bio-PU resins were then used to modify ramie fibers using vacuum impregnation method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the isolated lignin had quite similar characteristics to the lignin standard. Fractionation of lignin with EtAc and MeOH altered its characteristics. FTIR, DSC, and TGA showed that solid fractions of lignin had similar characteristics to lignin standard and isolated lignin, while the liquid fractions had characteristics from lignin and the solvents. The absorption band of isocyanate (−N=C=O) groups was shifted to 2285 cm−1 from 2240 cm−1 owing to the reaction with the −OH groups in lignin, forming urethane (R−NH−C=O−R) groups at 1605 cm−1 in Bio-PU resins. Thermal properties of Bio-PU resins derived from L-EtAc exhibited greater endothermic reaction compared to Bio-PU-L-MeOH. As a result, the free −N=C=O groups in Bio-PU resins have reacted with –OH groups on the surface of ramie fibers and improved its thermal properties. Modification of ramie fibers with Bio-PU resins improved the fibers’ thermal stability by 15% using Bio-PU-LEtAc for 60 min of impregnation.Keywords: Bio-polyurethane resins, Impregnation, Lignin fractions, Ramie fibers, Thermal stability

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Lignin wastes: Past, present, and future

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Lignin degradation by microorganisms: A review

Lignin degradation by microorganisms: A review

New Way of Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene Nanosheets by the Selfpropagating High-Temperature Synthesis Method From Bi-opolymers for Large-Scale Production - A Method of Utilization Waste From the Woodworking Industry for Clean Earth Tomorrow

Bio-Polyurethane Resins Derived from Liquid Fractions of Lignin for the Modification of Ramie Fibers

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