Lignin-derived 3D porous graphene on carbon cloth for flexible supercapacitors

Abstract

Lignin was directly grown on carbon cloth via laser writing to form 3D porous graphene for flexible supercapacitors.

Fabrication of Graphitized Carbon Fibers from Fusible Lignin and Their Application in Supercapacitors

“…Therefore, transforming melt-spun LFs into LCFs with graphitic surfaces is an i expensive and effective strategy to prepare high-performance electrode materials that a [33,36,44,48,57,64,71,78]. (b) Ragone plots for the LCFs [3,34,47,50,55,70,[72][73][74].…”

“…The laser power was set to 0.1 mW to avoid overheating the LCF surfaces. Each spectrum was recorded for 300 s. The crystalline sizes (L a , in nm) of the LCFs were calculated using Equation (3) [47]:…”

“…(a) Plots for specific capacitance normalized by surface area vs. average pore size[33,36,44,48,57,64,71,78]. (b) Ragone plots for the LCFs[3,34,47,50,55,70,[72][73][74].…”

In situ growth of lignin-based graphene-like films catalyzed by metal substrates

“…Sun et al impregnated lignin on carbon cloth and then directly etched it with a laser to form the desired electrode to prepare flexible carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes from commercial and low-cost lignin. 33 Liu et al prepared two-dimensional lignin sheets by freezing a dyed liquid nitrogen quenched lignin dispersion, and then used the lignin sheets as carbon precursors to produce carbon nanosheets (CNSs) by direct carbonization without any activation treatment. 34 In recent years, some researchers have begun to try the technique of directionally catalysing amorphous carbon gra-phitization using thin layers of large-area transition metals.…”

Construction of an Additional Hierarchical Porous Framework in Carbon Fabric for Applications in Energy Storage

“…Among carbonaceous materials, three-dimensional (3D) interlaced carbon fabric (CF) has attracted significant attention owing to its excellent electronic and thermal conductivity, high corrosion resistance, low density, free-standing capability, and high mechanical strength. − Nevertheless, CF performs poorly as a host and an adsorbent because of its small surface area, low chemical activity, and significant gaps between the carbon fibers of CF. Many approaches have been proposed to increase the surface area and adsorption properties of CF, but almost all of them were based on chemical corrosion or surface deposition. − For example, CF is often either deposited/coated with chemically active materials or oxidized electrochemically to improve surface activity. − …”