“…The time-dependent adsorptive processes of CR were analyzed by applying the pseudo-first-order equation, 26,37,40 second-order equation, 40,41 and intra-particle diffusion models 41 as follows:ln( Q e − Q t ) = ln Q e − k 1 t ![]()
where each variable is defined as follows: Q e and Q t (mg g −1 ) denote the amount of dye adsorbed at equilibrium and time t , k 1 (min −1 ) denotes the pseudo-first-order rate constant, k 2 (g mg −1 min −1 )) denotes the pseudo-second-order rate constant, k id (mg g −1 min −0.5 ) denotes the intra-particle diffusion rate constant, and C i , r ( r = 1,2,3) denotes the intercept related to the boundary layer effect.…”