In the present study, magnetic cellulose/graphene oxide composite (MCGO) was prepared as a novel adsorbent to dispose of dye wastewater. The morphology and chemical structure of the MCGO composite were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto MCGO was studied in relation to initial concentration of MB, contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH value of solution. Adsorption kinetics and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm were fitted by a pseudo-secondorder kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic in nature. Furthermore, MCGO was very stable and can easily be recycled. The adsorption efficiency of MCGO was still over 89% after recycling for five times.

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is an important and particular component of forest ecosystems and is extremely important to forest health. This review describes the decomposition process, decomposition model and influence factors. CWD decomposition is a complex and continuous process and characterizes many biological and physical processes, including biological respiration, leaching, and fragmentation. All these processes have closed relationships between each other and work synergistically. During decomposition, there are many controlling factors mainly including site conditions (temperature, humidity, and O 2 /CO 2 concentration), woody substrate quality (diameter, species and compound) and organism in CWD. The decomposition rate is generally expresses through a constant k which indicate the percent mass, volume or density loss over time, and can be determined by long-term monitoring, chronosequence approach and the radio between input and the total mass. Now using mathematical models to simulate decomposition patterns and estimate the decomposition rate is widely applied, especially the exponential model. We brought forward that managing and utilizing for the CWD in forest was a primary objective on all forest lands. And it is should be intensified to integrate many related research subjects and to carry a comprehensive, long-term and multi-scale research which mainly focus on seven sections.

An accurate and synoptic quantification of gross primary production (GPP) in wetland ecosystems is essential for assessing carbon budgets at regional or global scales. In this study, a satellite-based Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM) integrated with observed eddy tower and remote sensing data was employed and adapted to evaluate the feasibility and dependability of the model for estimating GPP in an alpine wetland, located in Zoige, Southwestern China. Eddy flux data from 2-year observations showed that temperature explained most of the seasonal variability in carbon fluxes and that warming increased GPP and ecosystem respiration, and hence affected the carbon balance of alpine wetlands. The comparison between modeled and observed GPP fluxes indicated that simulated values were largely in agreement with tower-based values (P<0.0001). 12-year long-term simulations (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) found that (1) there was significantly increasing trends at rate of 17.01 gCm −2 year −1 for annual GPP (R 2 =0.62, P=0.002); (2) the inter-annual variation in GPP was highly sensitive to climate warming; and (3) a warmer climate can prolong the plant growing season and, by that, increase wetland productivity. Our results demonstrated that the satellite-driven VPM model has the potential to be applied at large spatial and temporal scales for scaling-up carbon fluxes of alpine wetlands.

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