Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and its role in biorefinery

Zhao, Yong; Shakeel, Usama; Rehman, Muhammad Saif Ur; Li, Hongqiang; Xu, Xia; Xu, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120076

Cited by 108 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Nowadays, main macromolecules from biomass are well categorised [22] (i.e., cellulose, pectin, protein, hemicellulose and lignin) but, the structure and arrangement of cell wall's complex network remain misunderstood [23,24]. Within a lignocellulosic plant matrix, hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose molecules interact to form a rigid molecular network called "Lignin Carbohydrate Complex" or LCC [23,24]. LCC arrangements form complex structures in lignocellulosic biomass depending on wood type.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Composition of Hemp Shiv Determined by Physical and Chemical Approaches

et al. 2021

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The use of agricultural by-products in the building engineering realm has led to an increase in insulation characteristics of biobased materials and a decrease in environmental impact. The understanding of cell wall structure is possible by the study of interactions of chemical compounds, themselves determined by common techniques like Van Soest (VS). In this study, a global method is investigated to characterise the cell wall of hemp shiv. The cell wall molecules were, at first, isolated by fractionation of biomass and then analysed by physical and chemical analysis (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, Elementary Analysis, Dynamic Sorption Vapor and Infra-Red). This global method is an experimental way to characterise plant cell wall molecules of fractions by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis following by a mathematical method to have a detailed estimation of the cell wall composition and the interactions between plant macromolecules. The analyzed hemp shiv presents proportions of 2.5 ± 0.6% of water, 4.4 ± 0.2% of pectins, 42.6 ± 1.0% (Hemicellulose–Cellulose), 18.4 ± 1.6% (Cellulose–Hemicellulose), 29.0 ± 0.8% (Lignin–Cellulose) and 2.0 ± 0.4% of linked lignin.

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Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Composition of Hemp Shiv Determined by Physical and Chemical Approaches

et al. 2021

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“…Lignin is a hydrophobic polymer composed of phenylpropane compounds that often tightly associated with hemicellulose to form lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). This “LCC complex” blocks the cellulose surface and hinders cellulose accessibility [ 13 ]. Therefore, lignin is also a significant factor that affects cell wall saccharification [ 6 , 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise high-throughput online near-infrared spectroscopy assay to determine key cell wall features associated with sugarcane bagasse digestibility

Liang

et al. 2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background Sugarcane is one of the most crucial energy crops that produces high yields of sugar and lignocellulose. The cellulose crystallinity index (CrI) and lignin are the two kinds of key cell wall features that account for lignocellulose saccharification. Therefore, high-throughput screening of sugarcane germplasm with excellent cell wall features is considered a promising strategy to enhance bagasse digestibility. Recently, there has been research to explore near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) assays for the characterization of the corresponding wall features. However, due to the technical barriers of the offline strategy, it is difficult to apply for high-throughput real-time analyses. This study was therefore initiated to develop a high-throughput online NIRS assay to rapidly detect cellulose crystallinity, lignin content, and their related proportions in sugarcane, aiming to provide an efficient and feasible method for sugarcane cell wall feature evaluation. Results A total of 838 different sugarcane genotypes were collected at different growth stages during 2018 and 2019. A continuous variation distribution of the near-infrared spectrum was observed among these collections. Due to the very large diversity of CrI and lignin contents detected in the collected sugarcane samples, seven high-quality calibration models were developed through online NIRS calibration. All of the generated equations displayed coefficient of determination (R2) values greater than 0.8 and high ratio performance deviation (RPD) values of over 2.0 in calibration, internal cross-validation, and external validation. Remarkably, the equations for CrI and total lignin content exhibited RPD values as high as 2.56 and 2.55, respectively, indicating their excellent prediction capacity. An offline NIRS assay was also performed. Comparable calibration was observed between the offline and online NIRS analyses, suggesting that both strategies would be applicable to estimate cell wall characteristics. Nevertheless, as online NIRS assays offer tremendous advantages for large-scale real-time screening applications, it could be implied that they are a better option for high-throughput cell wall feature prediction. Conclusions This study, as an initial attempt, explored an online NIRS assay for the high-throughput assessment of key cell wall features in terms of CrI, lignin content, and their proportion in sugarcane. Consistent and precise calibration results were obtained with NIRS modeling, insinuating this strategy as a reliable approach for the large-scale screening of promising sugarcane germplasm for cell wall structure improvement and beyond.

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“…However, percentage quantification broadly hails cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (25-30%), and lignin (15-25%) as tridimensional constituents [2,3]. The tethering of lignin to cellulose and hemicellulose traditionally influences the integral network complexation of biopolymers [4]. This attribution, however, promotes the recalcitrance and rigidity of lignocellulose residues that impede depolymerization [5], hence their concurrent disposal in landfills, incineration, and gasification treatments which sparks environmental pollutions that are inimical to human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Microbial Biomechanics in Composting with Special Reference to Lignocellulose Biomass Digestion

Ghanney

Kugbe

Anning

2021

AJB2T

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Biomass transformation of lignocellulose into compost offers ‘green’ technology for sustainable agricultural development. So far, biomass conversion into compost outweighs fossil resources and other conversational techniques due to the low production cost and environmental pollution reduction. Although composting has aesthetically been resorted to in the digestibility of lignocellulose biomass, its realization has keenly been directed towards adding chemical reagents. However, inclining massively to this treatment instigated research bias as microorganisms’ biomass digestibility remains mostly inadequate. Besides, proliferated growth and activities of microorganisms native to lignocellulose biomass are usually disrupted by chemical treatment. The microbial flora (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, archaea, and yeast) involved in composting synthesizes complex biocatalysts (enzymes) that are crucial for solubilizing the biopolymers of lignocellulose materials at a density of 1012 cells g-1. Filamentous fungi are by far excellent degraders of lignocellulose in nature. To adequately ensure sustainable lignocellulose digestibility, microbial engineers must subject research studies to surpassing conditions (feedstock formulation and management processes) suitable for inducing ligninolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Hence, the state-of-the-art-method of this review provides insights that relate to mechanisms of microbial reactions on the digestibility of lignocellulose biomass during composting.

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Lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and its role in biorefinery

Cited by 108 publications

References 116 publications

Cell Wall Composition of Hemp Shiv Determined by Physical and Chemical Approaches

Cell Wall Composition of Hemp Shiv Determined by Physical and Chemical Approaches

Precise high-throughput online near-infrared spectroscopy assay to determine key cell wall features associated with sugarcane bagasse digestibility

Role of Microbial Biomechanics in Composting with Special Reference to Lignocellulose Biomass Digestion

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