Lignin bioengineering

Eudes, Aymerick; Liang, Yan; Mitra, Prajakta; Loqué, Dominique

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2014.01.002

Cited by 122 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The resistance related metabolites (RRM) may be antimicrobial, such as phytoanticipins and phytoalexins, or may form complex conjugates that are deposited to reinforce cell walls and suppress pathogen progress (Boller and Felix, 2009;Nawrot et al, 2014;Yogendra et al, 2014). Polymorphisms in introns, exons, and promoter regions, especially in the domain sequence, of these hierarchy of R genes determine the functionality of the proteins/enzymes produced, and thus the amount of proteins (RRP) and metabolites (RRM) biosynthesized (Eudes et al, 2014;Krattinger et al, 2009;Pushpa et al, 2014;Yogendra et al, 2015b;Yogendra et al, 2014). Thus, the amount of RRP or RRM biosynthesized by an R gene is significantly controlled by a hierarchy of regulatory R genes, especially the TFs, activated following the perception of elicitors/effectors.…”

Section: E Resistance-related Protein (Rrp) and Resistancerelated Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogens also try to neutralize the effect of these phytoalexins by converting them to less toxic oxidized forms or conjugate with glycosides through production of enzymes (Jeandet et al, 2014). Primary cell walls produced by cellulose and pectins are constitutively enforced by the deposition of secondary metabolites (RRC) (Bashline et al, 2014;Eudes et al, 2014;Nakano et al, 2015). In addition, following pathogen invasion, more secondary metabolites are induced (RRI) and these form complex polymers that are deposited in xylem vessels to enforce cell walls (Gunnaiah et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014b;Yogendra et al, 2015a).…”

Section: B Resistance-related Metabolites (Rrm) and The Mechanisms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resistance metabolites (RRM) identified in different pathosystems are (Table 1) Shikimic acid pathway: The biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan leads to the production of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and some alkaloids. The production of cinnamic acid from phenylalanine and cinnamoyl-CoA leads to the production of phenylpropanoid metabolites, and 4-coumaroyl CoA leads to the production of flavonoid metabolites (Eudes et al, 2014). The production of anthranilate leads to the production of some alkaloids.…”

Section: Metabolic Pathways Of Resistance Metabolite (Rrm) Biosyntmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Kushalappa

Yogendra

Karre

2016

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

147

103

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Plant diseases, caused by microbes, threaten world food, feed, and bioproduct security. Plant resistance has not been effectively deployed to improve resistance in plants for lack of understanding of biochemical mechanisms and genetic bedrock of resistance. With the advent of genome sequencing, the forward and reverse genetic approaches have enabled deciphering the riddle of resistance. Invading pathogens produce elicitors and effectors that are recognized by the host membrane-localized receptors, which in turn induce a cascade of downstream regulatory and resistance metabolite and protein biosynthetic genes (R) to produce resistance metabolites and proteins, which reduce pathogen advancement through their antimicrobial and cell wall enforcement properties. The resistance in plants to pathogen attack is expressed as reduced susceptibility, ranging from high susceptibility to hypersensitive response, the shades of gray. The hypersensitive response or cell death is considered as qualitative resistance, while the remainder of the reduced susceptibility is considered as quantitative resistance. The resistance is due to additive effects of several resistance metabolites and proteins, which are produced through a network of several hierarchies of plant R genes. Plants recognize the pathogen elicitors or receptors and then induce downstream genes to eventually produce resistance metabolites and proteins that suppress the pathogen advancement in plant. These resistance genes (R), against qualitative and quantitative resistance, can be identified in germplasm collections and replaced in commercial cultivars, if nonfunctional, based on genome editing to improve plant resistance.

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Section: E Resistance-related Protein (Rrp) and Resistancerelated Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Resistance-related Metabolites (Rrm) and The Mechanisms Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolic Pathways Of Resistance Metabolite (Rrm) Biosyntmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Kushalappa

Yogendra

Karre

2016

Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences

147

103

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“…The transporters involved in the other two monolignols have not been discovered. Once exported, the monolignols are converted into free radicals (tautomeric structures) by the action of phenol-oxidizing enzymes such as laccases and peroxidases [47]. These free radicals form the lignin polymer by a random coupling process in the cell wall and middle lamellae of cells undergoing the lignification process.…”

Section: Lignin Biosynthesis and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Plant Biomass Lignin Content and Composition for Biofuels and Bioproducts

et al. 2015

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Abstract:Lignin is an aromatic biopolymer involved in providing structural support to plant cell walls. Compared to the other cell wall polymers, i.e., cellulose and hemicelluloses, lignin has been considered a hindrance in cellulosic bioethanol production due to the complexity involved in its separation from other polymers of various biomass feedstocks. Nevertheless, lignin is a potential source of valuable aromatic chemical compounds and upgradable building blocks. Though the biosynthetic pathway of lignin has been elucidated in great detail, the random nature of the polymerization (free radical coupling) process poses challenges for its depolymerization into valuable bioproducts. The absence of specific methodologies for lignin degradation represents an important opportunity for research and development. This review highlights research development in lignin biosynthesis, lignin genetic engineering and different biological and chemical means of depolymerization used to convert lignin into biofuels and bioproducts. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 7655

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“…Indeed, lignin is frequently the major reason for biomass recalcitrance. However, several strategies that focused on diminishing the lignin content, and thus leading to improved sacchariication, resulted in deleterious efect on plant development [8]. " diferent point-of-view based on lignin modiication may be more efective, since even increased lignin content showed improved sacchariication in Brachypodium distachyon [ ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Wall Proteomics as a Means to Identify Target Genes to Improve Second‐Generation Biofuel Production

Calderan-Rodrigues¹,

Fonseca²,

Labate³

et al. 2017

Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels

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Second-generation biofuels "2G generally uses residues composed of lignocellulosic materials to produce renewable energy potentially up to 50% , without increasing the planted areas. However, the high cost of enzymes required for cell wall disassembly prior to the sacchariication makes the "2G production more expensive yet, compared to the irst-generation biofuels. Designing plants with less lignin, a barrier to "2G production, or facilitating cell wall disassembly by searching for the plant mechanisms can be the way to obtain "2G feasibility. Therewith, plant cell wall proteomics provides valuable information concerning the main cell wall proteins CWPs involved in its biosynthesis and rearrangements. Essentially, two plants of the grass family have been studied: sugarcane as a crop amenable to second-generation ethanol E2G production and Brachypodium distachyon as a model plant amenable to genetic transformation. Cell wall proteomics has allowed the identiication of numerous CWPs as well as their ine proiling in diferent organs and at various developmental stages. Proteins acting on carbohydrates, mostly glycosyl hydrolases, and oxidoreductases, including class III peroxidases and laccases, can be highlighted. "oth kinds of CWPs are assumed to contribute to the remodelling of cell wall polysaccharides by enzymatic or nonenzymatic mechanisms. CWPs present in growing organs could also be atractive candidates since they greatly contribute to cell wall plasticity.Keywords: Brachypodium distachyon, cell wall protein, grass, second generation ethanol, sugarcane © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.© 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. . IntroductionSecond-generation biofuels "2G are a promising renewable alternative to supply energy demand of fossil fuels worldwide, whose advantage is mostly due to the lower emission of greenhouse gases and the possibility to increase the production without widening the planted area. However, we are still far from producing "2G at an economically competitive way and reasonable amount to replace fossil fuels. "2G uses lignocellulosic material as substrates. Since sugarcane has been considered one of the best crops to produce bioethanol, its bagasse and straw have been studied as one of the main complementary sources of C 6 and C 5 sugars for "2G. One of the main constrains to its economic feasibility relies on the rate of success of the enzymatic sacchariication enabling the conversion of the plant cell wall sugars into bioethanol [1]. Sacchariication of the cell wall ...

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Lignin bioengineering

Cited by 122 publications

References 73 publications

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Plant Innate Immune Response: Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance

Engineering Plant Biomass Lignin Content and Composition for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Cell Wall Proteomics as a Means to Identify Target Genes to Improve Second‐Generation Biofuel Production

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