Light‐Triggered Nitric Oxide Release by a Photosensitizer to Combat Bacterial Biofilm Infections

Abstract

Bacterial biofilms are as eriousg lobal health concern, often responsible for persistent infections. New strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections by eradication of the biofilms are urgently needed. An ovel rutheniumbased compound is reportedi nt his study that functions as both ab oronic acid-decorated photosensitizer (PS) and a light-triggeredn itric oxide (NO) releasinga gent.T he compound can selectively attach to the bacterial membrane and biofilms and it is highly potent at eradicating Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms through the simultaneousr eleaseo fNO and reactive oxygen species (ROS).T he compound,w hich is more effective than clinicala ntibiotic tobramycin, also has excellent bacterial specificity and shows no significant cytotoxicityt oh uman cells. The results reveal potential applications of this innovative dual-functional photoactivated ruthenium compound to combat bacterial biofilm infections.

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies

“…In vitro: dual-mode photoantibacterial action [417] Sulfonated polystyrene NPs (NO photodonor + porphyrin/phthalocyanine) E. coli In vitro: strong antibacterial action [355] [Ru(bpy) 3 ]Cl 2 P. aeruginosa In vitro: PDT/NO synergistic antibiofilm effect [418] ALA, alanine; MB, methylene blue; RB, rose bengal; Ce6, chlorin e6; ICG, indocyanine green; SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide NP. 1 , hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether enclosed into yolk-structured up-conversion core and covalently linked RB on SiO2 shell; 2 , photothermal agent poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-thienothiophene) (PDPPTT) and the photosensitizer poly(2-methoxy-5-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-pphenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) in the presence of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride).…”

Identification of an Au(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Compound as a Bactericidal Agent Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

“…Images of P. aeruginosa were recorded on a JSM-6330F (JEOL) field emission scanning electron microscopy as previously reported ( Zhao et al, 2021 ). P. aeruginosa was cultured in M9 medium until OD 600 reached 0.6–0.8.…”

Recent Developments in Nitric Oxide Donors and Delivery for Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Applications

“…Co-treatment of Ru-nitrosyl complexes with methicillin increased methicillin resistant S. epidermidis biofilm sensitivity to the antibiotic by 100-fold, suggesting that it may be a promising approach for biofilm eradication. In a similar fashion, Zhao et al designed a boronic acid decorated Ru(II) compound with a NO-releasable group (RBNO) that releases NO through photo-induced N-nitrosamine bond cleavage [64]. The boronic acid group acts as a positively charged metal group, facilitating adhesion of the RBNO onto bacterial peptidoglycan or LPS via boron-polyol-based boronolectin chemistry.…”

“…Phototherapy methods, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have been previously evaluated for use in antimicrobial and anti-biofilm treatments [64,65,135,160]. PDT and PTT can induce cell death.…”