Light-scattering measurements of entropy and viscous fluctuations in a liquid far from thermal equilibrium

Law, Bruce M.; Segrè, P. N.; Gammon, Robert W.; Sengers, J. V.

doi:10.1103/physreva.41.816

Cited by 77 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…(16) and (17) we conclude that the non-equilibrium enhancement of the temperature fluctuations will be proportional to the square of the temperature gradient and inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wave number. This dependence of the non-equilibrium enhancement on both temperature gradient and wave number has been verified experimentally with high accuracy [19,25,26]. Eqs.…”

Section: Temperature Fluctuations In Non-equilibriummentioning

confidence: 78%

Velocity fluctuations in laminar fluid flow

Sengers

Zárate

2010

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

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Section: Temperature Fluctuations In Non-equilibriummentioning

confidence: 78%

Velocity fluctuations in laminar fluid flow

Sengers

Zárate

2010

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

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“…Sengers and coworkers have measured the nonequilibrium fluctuations in liquid toluene [10][11][12] and in liquid n-hexane [56]. These experiments correspond to Rayleigh numbers from −25, 000 to −300, 000 at dimensionless wave numbers ranging fromq = 640 down toq = 345.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a discussion of such light-scattering experiments we consider an experimental arrangement like the ones employed at the University of Maryland [9][10][11][12] and by Vailati and Giglio at the University of Milan [22,23].…”

Section: Nonequilibrium Structure Factor Probed In Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuations in fluids in thermal nonequilibrium states below the convective Rayleigh–Bénard instability

Zárate

Sengers

2001

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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Starting from the linearized fluctuating Boussinesq equations we derive an expression for the structure factor of fluids in stationary convection-free thermal nonequilibrium states, taking into account both gravity and finite-size effects. It is demonstrated how the combined effects of gravity and finite size causes the structure factor to go through a maximum value as a function of the wave number q. The appearance of this maximum is associated with a crossover from a q −4 dependence for larger q to a q 2 dependence for very small q. The relevance of this theoretical result for the interpretation of light scattering and shadowgraph experiments is elucidated. The relationship with studies on various aspects of the problem by other investigators is discussed. The paper thus provides a unified treatment for dealing with fluctuations in fluid layers subjected to a stationary temperature gradient regardless of the sign of the Rayleigh number R, provided that R is smaller than the critical value R c associated with the appearance of Rayleigh-Bénard convection.

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“…The problem has been studied theoretically as well, by means of fluctuating hydrodynamics [34,35], valid for small fluctuations around a conductive state with a constant temperature gradient, which can be close to or far from equilibrium. Theory and experiment are in very good agreement [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Rayleigh Scattering In a Fluid In A Temperature Gradientmentioning

confidence: 58%

Thermodynamics and Fluctuations Far From Equilibrium

Ross

Villaverde²

2010

Entropy

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Abstract:We review a coherent mesoscopic presentation of thermodynamics and fluctuations far from and near equilibrium, applicable to chemical reactions, energy transfer and transport processes, and electrochemical systems. Both uniform and spatially dependent systems are considered. The focus is on processes leading to and in non-equilibrium stationary states; on systems with multiple stationary states; and on issues of relative stability of such states. We establish thermodynamic state functions, dependent on the irreversible processes, with simple physical interpretations that yield the work available from these processes and the fluctuations. A variety of experiments are cited that substantiate the theory. The following topics are included: one-variable systems, linear and nonlinear; connection of thermodynamic theory with stochastic theory; multivariable systems; relative stability of different phases; coupled transport processes; experimental determination of thermodynamic and stochastic potentials; dissipation in irreversible processes and nonexistence of extremum theorems; efficiency of oscillatory reactions, including biochemical systems; and fluctuation-dissipation relations.

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Light-scattering measurements of entropy and viscous fluctuations in a liquid far from thermal equilibrium

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Velocity fluctuations in laminar fluid flow

Velocity fluctuations in laminar fluid flow

Fluctuations in fluids in thermal nonequilibrium states below the convective Rayleigh–Bénard instability

Thermodynamics and Fluctuations Far From Equilibrium

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