“…The first is based on a potential energy landscape perspective (Ao, 2004;Ao et al, 2007;Han and Wang, 2007;Kim and Wang, 2007;Lapidus et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2010aWang et al, , 2008Wang et al, , 2010bWang et al, ,c, 2011Zhou and Qian, 2011) and leads to a powerful approach for conceptualizing and quantifying emergent complex behavior in nonlinear biochemical reaction networks with stochastic dynamics. The second methodology is based on nonequilibrium stochastic thermodynamics Gaspard, 2004, 2007;van den Broeck and Esposito, 2010;Demirel, 2010;Esposito and van den Broeck, 2010b;Ge, 2009;Ge and Qian, 2010;Ge et al, 2012;Han and Wang, 2008;Jiang et al, 2004;Luo et al, 2002;Mou et al, 1986;Puglisi et al, 2010;Qian, 2006Qian, , 2009Qian, , 2010Rao et al, 2011;Ross, 2008;Ross and Villaverde, 2010;Santillán and Qian, 2011;Schlögl, 1980;Schmiedl and Seifert, 2007;Schnakenberg, 1976;Seifert, 2008;Vellela and Qian, 2009;Zhang et al, 2012) and can be effectively used to study the macroscopic behavior of Markovian biochemical reaction networks and, in particular, properties related to their self-organization, functional stability, robustness and evolutionary behavior (Haken, 1975;Han and Wang, ...…”