Light scattering by small particles

Huber, Eric; Frost, Mark S.

doi:10.2166/aqua.1998.14

Cited by 46 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…The diameters of most TiO 2 NPs (100-1,000 nm) are comparative with the wavelength of visible light (300-700 nm), rendering the TiO 2 NPs a strong Mie-scattering ability [49][50][51] . The CNTs decorated with TiO 2 NPs can be easily observed and tracked under an optical microscope.…”

Section: Article Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms2736mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical visualization of individual ultralong carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2013

Nat Commun

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Section: Article Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms2736mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical visualization of individual ultralong carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2013

Nat Commun

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“…Scattering is influenced by the particle size relative to the light wavelength, shape of particles, chemical composition, concentration (Bohren and Huffman, 1983), relative refractive index between particles and suspending medium. For example, large diameter particles such as 5 μπ» are dominated by forward scattering whereas with small diameter particles (i.e., 0.05 μιη) the scattering is equally distributed in all directions (Huber and Frost, 1998).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Particles on Uv Disinfection of Water and Wastewater Effluents: A Review

Mamane¹

2008

Reviews in Chemical Engineering

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Particles in water sources may be classified in various groups such as living vs. non-living, nano vs. sub-micron to micron sized and mineral vs. organic. Living particles for example comprise of bacteria, viruses, protozoa and algae while non-living particles include mineral particles, organic particles, cell debris and macromolecules. Particles in water sources may be dispersed as single entities or associated with multiple particles in floes or aggregates. Particles may be further characterized by their chemical nature, size distribution, density, absorbance, scattering and typical gross measurements such as turbidity and suspended solids. Although ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is principally accepted as a primary disinfection technology for use in water and wastewater effluent, still research is needed to understand the extent to which particles in water may hinder the UV treatment efficacy by interacting with microbial pathogens. Both of the phenomena: (1) particles physically associated with microorganisms in a clump or aggregate and (2) particles not physically associated with microorganisms however interact by shielding, absorbing, scattering or blocking UV light, are integrated in the term "particle-microbe interactions". This review covers the impact of the interaction between microorganisms (mainly bacteria) which are the target for UV disinfection and particles in water and wastewater effluents on the efficacy of UV disinfection.

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“…However, higher percentage of phenolic-type chromophores associated with some HLS of ponds or wetlands was found to be responsible to produce marked shoulders. According to Huber and Frost (1998), analysis of the general shape of the spectrum or absorption at a specific wavelength can be also used to derive more specific parameters, such as turbidity and suspended solids by using algorithm for compensation of light scattering caused by suspended particles. Due to this physical diffuse absorption, the absorbance value and the general mean slope of the spectrum in the 250-350 nm region can vary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry associated with artificial neural networks as an alternative for determining the water quality index

Alves

Rodrigues

Correa

et al. 2018

Environ Monit Assess

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The water quality index (WQI) is an important tool for water resource management and planning. However, it has major disadvantages: the generation of chemical waste, is costly, and time-consuming. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we propose to simplify this index determination by replacing traditional analytical methods with ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry associated with artificial neural network (ANN). A total of 100 water samples were collected from two rivers located in Assis, SP, Brazil and calculated the WQI by the conventional method. UV-Vis spectral analyses between 190 and 800 nm were also performed for each sample followed by principal component analysis (PCA) aiming to reduce the number of variables. The scores of the principal components were used as input to calibrate a three-layer feed-forward neural network. Output layer was defined by the WQI values. The modeling efforts showed that the optimal ANN architecture was 19-16-1, trainlm as training function, root-mean-square error (RMSE) 0.5813, determination coefficient between observed and predicted values (R) of 0.9857 (p < 0.0001), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 0.57% ± 0.51%. The implications of this work's results open up the possibility to use a portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer connected to a computer to predict the WQI in places where there is no required infrastructure to determine the WQI by the conventional method as well as to monitor water body's in real time.

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Light scattering by small particles

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Optical visualization of individual ultralong carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Optical visualization of individual ultralong carbon nanotubes by chemical vapour deposition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Impact of Particles on Uv Disinfection of Water and Wastewater Effluents: A Review

Use of ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry associated with artificial neural networks as an alternative for determining the water quality index

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