Light Regulation and Daytime Dependency of Inducible Plant Defenses in Arabidopsis: Phytochrome Signaling Controls Systemic Acquired Resistance Rather Than Local Defense

Griebel, Thomas; Zeier, Jiirgen

doi:10.1104/pp.108.119503

Cited by 239 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…Because there is evidence for overlap between SA, pathogen responses, and the regulation of flowering (Martínez et al, 2004), the requirement for LD-dependent SA accumulation in cat2 may reflect the coordination of H 2 O 2 -triggered lesions with the flowering program. Some aspects of pathogen responses interact with or are influenced by the phytochrome pathway (Genoud et al, 2002;Griebel and Zeier, 2008), while cryptochrome has been implicated in singlet oxygen-mediated effects (Danon et al, 2006). Thus, the daylength dependence of responses in cat2 (Fig.…”

Section: Peroxisomal H 2 O 2 Induces Biotic Defense Response Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Is Coupled to Biotic Defense Responses by ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 in a Daylength-Related Manner

et al. 2010

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While it is well established that reactive oxygen species can induce cell death, intracellularly generated oxidative stress does not induce lesions in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) photorespiratory mutant cat2 when plants are grown in short days (SD). One interpretation of this observation is that a function necessary to couple peroxisomal hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-triggered oxidative stress to cell death is only operative in long days (LD). Like lesion formation, pathogenesis-related genes and camalexin were only induced in cat2 in LD, despite less severe intracellular redox perturbation compared with SD. Lesion formation triggered by peroxisomal H 2 O 2 was modified by introducing secondary mutations into the cat2 background and was completely absent in cat2 sid2 double mutants, in which ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1) activity is defective. In addition to H 2 O 2 -induced salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, the sid2 mutation in ICS1 abolished a range of LD-dependent pathogen responses in cat2, while supplementation of cat2 with SA in SD activated these responses. Nontargeted transcript and metabolite profiling identified clusters of genes and small molecules associated with the daylength-dependent ICS1-mediated relay of H 2 O 2 signaling. The effect of oxidative stress in cat2 on resistance to biotic challenge was dependent on both growth daylength and ICS1. We conclude that (1) lesions induced by intracellular oxidative stress originating in the peroxisomes can be genetically reverted; (2) the isochorismate pathway of SA synthesis couples intracellular oxidative stress to cell death and associated disease resistance responses; and (3) camalexin accumulation was strictly dependent on the simultaneous presence of both H 2 O 2 and SA signals.

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Section: Peroxisomal H 2 O 2 Induces Biotic Defense Response Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Is Coupled to Biotic Defense Responses by ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 in a Daylength-Related Manner

et al. 2010

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“…Elicitor-induced hypersensitive cell death is a pathogen strategy for infection, whereas localized cell death at the site of infection is a plant defense strategy against pathogen attack [1,2]. Moreover, HR produced during some pathogen infection in plants has been recognized requiring the light [3,4]. However, further studies are needed to illustrate the underlying molecular mechanism of light-dependent HR cell death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and salicylic acid accumulation in fumonisin B1‐induced cell death

Xing

Sun

et al. 2013

FEBS Letters

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Edited by Miguel De la Rosa Keywords:Chloroplast dysfunction Fumonisin B1 Programmed cell death Phenylalanine ammonia lyase Reactive oxygen species Salicylic acid a b s t r a c tWe report a novel regulatory mechanism by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate fumonisin B1 (FB1)-induced cell death. We found that FB1 induction of light-dependent ROS production promoted the degradation of GFP-labeled chloroplast proteins and increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, PAL1 gene expression and SA content, while pretreatment with ROS manipulators reversed these trends. Moreover, treatment with H 2 O 2 or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole increased PAL activity, PAL1 gene expression and SA content. PAL inhibitor significantly blocked FB1-induced lesion formation and SA increase. Our results demonstrate that light-dependent ROS accumulation stimulates the degradation of chloroplastic proteins and up-regulates PAL-mediated SA synthesis, thus promoting FB1-induced light-dependent cell death.

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“…In addition to HR development, the phyA and phyB mutants are also repressed in the salicylic acid (SA)-induced expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) gene. The more severe effect of the phyA phyB double mutant on the SA-mediated pathway suggests that light perception has a cumulative effect on SA signaling and plant defense (27). Recent analysis has suggested a major role for PHYA PHYB in systemic immunity and a rather minor role in local defense response (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more severe effect of the phyA phyB double mutant on the SA-mediated pathway suggests that light perception has a cumulative effect on SA signaling and plant defense (27). Recent analysis has suggested a major role for PHYA PHYB in systemic immunity and a rather minor role in local defense response (27).Previously, we showed that light is required for resistance to Turnip Crinkle virus (TCV) in Arabidopsis (28). Resistance to TCV is dependent on the R protein HRT, which contains a coiled coil, nucleotide binding, and leucine-rich-repeat domain (29).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cryptochrome 2 and phototropin 2 regulate resistance protein-mediated viral defense by negatively regulating an E3 ubiquitin ligase

Jeong

Chandra-Shekara

Barman

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

106

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Light harvested by plants is essential for the survival of most life forms. This light perception ability requires the activities of proteins termed photoreceptors. We report a function for photoreceptors in mediating resistance (R) protein-derived plant defense. The bluelight photoreceptors, cryptochrome (CRY) 2 and phototropin (PHOT) 2, are required for the stability of the R protein HRT, and thereby resistance to Turnip Crinkle virus (TCV). Exposure to darkness or blue-light induces degradation of CRY2, and in turn HRT, resulting in susceptibility. Overexpression of HRT can compensate for the absence of PHOT2 but not CRY2. HRT does not directly associate with either CRY2 or PHOT2 but does bind the CRY2-/PHOT2-interacting E3 ubiquitin ligase, COP1. Application of the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, prevents blue-light-dependent degradation of HRT, consequently these plants show resistance to TCV under blue-light. We propose that CRY2/PHOT2 negatively regulate the proteasomemediated degradation of HRT, likely via COP1, and blue-light relieves this repression resulting in HRT degradation.light | photoreceptors | plant defense | virus | resistance protein P lants are dependent on light for their survival. The light-absorbing ability of plants is derived from the activities of three known classes of photoreceptors. These include phytochromes (PHY) that detect light in the red/far-red (600-700 nm) range, and cryptochromes (CRY) and phototropins (PHOT) that detect light in the blue and UVA (320-500 nm) range (reviewed in refs. 1-6). Photon-absorption activates the PHY proteins from their physiologically inactive to active far-red absorbing forms. Light also modulates the phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic translocation of PHY proteins, which is essential for their function in mediating light-responsive physiological changes in plants. CRY photoreceptors are flavoproteins that share sequence similarity to DNA-repair enzymes called photolyases. However, CRY proteins have no DNA-repair activity (5, 7). CRY proteins were first characterized in Arabidopsis, but are also widely distributed in bacteria and eukaryotes. These proteins usually contain an amino terminal photolyase-related region and a carboxy domain of variable size. Both isoforms of CRY (CRY1 and CRY2) in Arabidopsis undergo blue-light-dependent phosphorylation (8, 9), and CRY2, but not CRY1, is degraded in response to blue light (10, 11). Both CRY1 and CRY2 interact with constitutively photomorphogenic 1 (COP1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase (12,13). It is thought that blue-light perception by CRY photoreceptors triggers the rapid inactivation of COP1 through their direct protein-protein interactions (12, 13), resulting in the abrogation of COP1-mediated degradation of the bZIP transcription factor HY5 and other COP1 substrates (14). Although CRY1 protein shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus, the CRY2 protein is mostly present in the nucleus (15). Because CRY2 also contributes to anion channel-mediated currents across the plasma membrane (16), it is possible ...

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Light Regulation and Daytime Dependency of Inducible Plant Defenses in Arabidopsis: Phytochrome Signaling Controls Systemic Acquired Resistance Rather Than Local Defense

Cited by 239 publications

References 46 publications

Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Is Coupled to Biotic Defense Responses by ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 in a Daylength-Related Manner

Peroxisomal Hydrogen Peroxide Is Coupled to Biotic Defense Responses by ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 in a Daylength-Related Manner

Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and salicylic acid accumulation in fumonisin B1‐induced cell death

Cryptochrome 2 and phototropin 2 regulate resistance protein-mediated viral defense by negatively regulating an E3 ubiquitin ligase

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