Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and salicylic acid accumulation in fumonisin B1‐induced cell death

Abstract

Edited by Miguel De la Rosa Keywords:Chloroplast dysfunction Fumonisin B1 Programmed cell death Phenylalanine ammonia lyase Reactive oxygen species Salicylic acid a b s t r a c tWe report a novel regulatory mechanism by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate fumonisin B1 (FB1)-induced cell death. We found that FB1 induction of light-dependent ROS production promoted the degradation of GFP-labeled chloroplast proteins and increased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity, PAL1 gene expression and SA content, while pretreatment with ROS manipulators reversed these trends. Moreover, treatment with H 2 O 2 or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole increased PAL activity, PAL1 gene expression and SA content. PAL inhibitor significantly blocked FB1-induced lesion formation and SA increase. Our results demonstrate that light-dependent ROS accumulation stimulates the degradation of chloroplastic proteins and up-regulates PAL-mediated SA synthesis, thus promoting FB1-induced light-dependent cell death.

The Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Integration of Plant Physiological and Ultrastructural Adjustments in Response to Arsenic

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Metabolomics analysis reveals the metabolic and functional roles of flavonoids in light-sensitive tea leaves

“…6), and they are mitigated by ROS scavenging systems [24]. Chloroplasts respond to ROS via a significant change in composition, resulting in rapid morphological and functional modifications [44]. The inactivation of the ROS scavenging system and the biofilm protection function in the chloroplast may cause damage to the membrane structure and the disintegration of chloroplasts.…”

Programmed cell death in plants: A chloroplastic connection

“…Reports indicate that chloroplastic ROS played important role in inducing cell death in a variety of conditions like abiotic and biotic interaction as well as during developmental program i.e., senescence. 18,19 The chloroplast generated ROS and reduced plastoquinone from photosynthetic electron transport chain have been reported to be involved in CN ¡ induced cell death in pea guard cells 10 (Samuilov et al, 2003). A study focused on developmental PCD in transgenic tobacco plants defective in plastid ndh gene showed a link between consequent lower level of ROS generation and a delay in the senescence.…”

“…21 Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) mediated salicylic acid (SA) accumulation has been suggested to be involved in Fumonisin B1 triggered light dependent generation of H 2 O 2 that induces degradation of chloroplast proteins and HR induction in Arabidopsis. 13,19 Chlorophyll break down leading to yellowing of leaves is one of the signatures of senescence that is believed to be a type of PCD. 22 Similarly chlorophyll catabolism is also observed during biotic and abiotic interactions.…”